Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as processing techniques, storage temperature, and packing materials. In the past few years, grapefruit furanocoumarins have been demonstrated to exhibit several biological activities including antioxidative, -inflammatory, and -cancer activities as well as bone health promotion both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, furanocoumarins potently exerted antiproliferative activities against cancer cell growth through modulation of several molecular pathways, such as regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Therefore, based on this review, we suggest furanocoumarins may serve as bioactive components that contribute, at least in part, to the health benefits of grapefruit.

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柚子中呋喃香豆素的化学和健康效应

呋喃香豆素是一类特殊的次级代谢产物，通常存在于高等植物中，例如柑橘类植物。在葡萄柚 (Citrus paradisi) 中发现的主要呋喃香豆素包括佛手柑、环氧佛手柑和 6',7'-二羟基佛手柑。在这些呋喃香豆素的生物合成过程中，香豆素经历与由细胞色素 P450 酶催化的异戊二烯化反应相对应的生化修饰，随后形成呋喃环。由于与几种药物的不良相互作用，许多研究开发了葡萄柚呋喃香豆素定量方法，包括高效液相色谱与紫外检测器或质谱联用。葡萄柚中呋喃香豆素的分布受多种环境条件的影响，例如加工技术、储存温度和包装材料。在过去的几年中，葡萄柚呋喃香豆素已被证明具有多种生物活性，包括体外和体内的抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌活性以及促进骨骼健康。值得注意的是，呋喃香豆素通过调节信号转导和转录激活因子 3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等多种分子途径有效地发挥抗癌细胞生长的抗增殖活性表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。葡萄柚呋喃香豆素已被证明具有多种生物活性，包括体外和体内的抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌活性以及促进骨骼健康。值得注意的是，呋喃香豆素通过调节信号转导和转录激活因子 3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等多种分子途径有效地发挥抗癌细胞生长的抗增殖活性表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。葡萄柚呋喃香豆素已被证明具有多种生物活性，包括体外和体内的抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌活性以及促进骨骼健康。值得注意的是，呋喃香豆素通过调节信号转导和转录激活因子 3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等多种分子途径有效地发挥抗癌细胞生长的抗增殖活性表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。-癌症活动以及体外和体内的骨骼健康促进。值得注意的是，呋喃香豆素通过调节信号转导和转录激活因子 3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等多种分子途径有效地发挥抗癌细胞生长的抗增殖活性表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。-癌症活动以及体外和体内的骨骼健康促进。值得注意的是，呋喃香豆素通过调节信号转导和转录激活因子 3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等多种分子途径有效地发挥抗癌细胞生长的抗增殖活性表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/AKT和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的表达。因此，根据这篇综述，我们建议呋喃香豆素可以作为生物活性成分，至少部分有助于葡萄柚的健康益处。