In 1993, Brewster and Gustin described the existence of a kinase whose activity was essential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grow in environments with high osmolarity. This led to the discovery of the HOG pathway, a MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway that has been revealed to be crucial to respond to a wide range of stress conditions frequently encountered by fungi in their common habitats. MAPK signaling is initiated at the plasma membrane, where triggering stimuli lead to a phosphorylation cascade that ultimately activates transcription factors to ensure an appropriate adaptive response. In pathogenic fungi, the HOG pathway gains special significance as it is involved in traits related to pathogenicity; these include biofilm formation, adhesion to surfaces, and morphogenetic and epigenetic transitions. It also plays a role in controlling both the pathogen and the commensal state program. Understanding the signals leading to its activation, the elements of the pathways and the targets of the pathway are therefore of primary importance in the design of novel antifungals.

中文翻译：

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白色念珠菌的HOG MAPK途径：不仅仅是渗透作用途径。

1993年，Brewster和Gustin描述了一种激酶的存在，该激酶的活性对于酿酒酵母至关重要在高渗透压的环境中生长。这导致了HOG途径的发现，HOG途径是MAP激酶（MAPK）途径，已被发现对于应对真菌在其常见栖息地中经常遇到的各种应激条件至关重要。MAPK信号在质膜上启动，触发刺激导致磷酸化级联反应，最终激活转录因子以确保适当的适应性反应。在致病性真菌中，HOG途径因其与致病性有关的性状而具有特殊的意义。这些包括生物膜形成，表面粘附以及形态发生和表观遗传转变。它在控制病原体和共生状态程序中也起着作用。了解导致其激活的信号，