Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are promising functional nanomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy. This is due to their low density, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, large specific surface areas, and excellent thermal and mechanical stability. The past decade has seen rapid advances in the development of MSNs with multiple compartments. These include hierarchical porous structures and core-shell, yolk-shell, and Janus structured particles for efficient diagnosis and therapeutic applications. We review advances in this area, covering the categories of multicompartment MSNs and their synthesis methods, with an emphasis on hierarchical structures and the incorporation of multiple functions. We classify multicompartment mesoporous silica micro/nanostructures, ranging from core-shell and yolk-shell structures to Janus and raspberry-like nanoparticles, and discuss their synthesis methods. We review applications of these multicompartment MSNs, including bioimaging, targeted drug/gene delivery, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and in vitro diagnostics. We also highlight the latest trends and new opportunities.

中文翻译：

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多室介孔二氧化硅微/纳米颗粒在治疗学中的应用进展。

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子（MSN）是用于各种生物医学应用（如生物成像，药物/基因传递和癌症治疗）的有前途的功能性纳米材料。这是由于它们的低密度，低毒性，高生物相容性，较大的比表面积以及出色的热和机械稳定性。在过去的十年中，具有多个部分的MSN的开发取得了飞速的进步。这些包括分层的多孔结构以及核壳，卵黄壳和Janus结构的颗粒，可用于有效的诊断和治疗应用。我们回顾了该领域的进展，涵盖了多隔室MSN的类别及其合成方法，重点是层次结构和多种功能的结合。我们将多室介孔二氧化硅的微/纳米结构分类，从核-壳和卵黄-壳结构到Janus和树莓状纳米颗粒，并讨论了它们的合成方法。我们审查了这些多隔室MSN的应用，包括生物成像，靶向药物/基因递送，化学疗法，光疗和体外诊断。我们还将重点介绍最新趋势和新机会。