We review the dramatic progress in the simulations of compact objects and compact-object binaries that has taken place in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This includes simulations of the inspirals and violent mergers of binaries containing black holes and neutron stars, as well as simulations of black-hole formation through failed supernovae and high-mass neutron star-neutron star mergers. Modeling such events requires numerical integration of the field equations of general relativity in three spatial dimensions, coupled, in the case of neutron-star containing binaries, with increasingly sophisticated treatment of fluids, electromagnetic fields, and neutrino radiation. However, it was not until 2005 that accurate long-term evolutions of binaries containing black holes were even possible (Pretorius 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 121101, Campanelli et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 111101, Baker et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 111102). Since then, there has been an explosion of new results and insights into the physics of strongly-gravitating system. Particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the gravitational wave and electromagnetic signatures from these extreme events. And with the recent dramatic discoveries of gravitational waves from merging black holes by the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory and Virgo, and the subsequent discovery of both electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals from a merging neutron star-neutron star binary, numerical relativity became an indispensable tool for the new field of multimessenger astronomy.

中文翻译：

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21世纪紧凑二进制的数值相对性

我们回顾了在 21 世纪前二十年发生的紧凑物体和紧凑物体二进制模拟方面的巨大进步。这包括模拟包含黑洞和中子星的双星的螺旋和剧烈合并，以及通过失败的超新星和大质量中子星-中子星合并来模拟黑洞形成。对此类事件进行建模需要在三个空间维度上对广义相对论的场方程进行数值积分，在包含双星的中子星的情况下，还需要对流体、电磁场和中微子辐射进行日益复杂的处理。然而，直到 2005 年，包含黑洞的双星的准确长期演化才成为可能（Pretorius 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 121101, Campanelli et al 2006 Phys. 牧师莱特。96 111101, Baker et al 2006 Phys. 牧师莱特。96 111102）。从那时起，对强引力系统物理学的新结果和见解层出不穷。特别强调了解来自这些极端事件的引力波和电磁特征。随着激光干涉引力波天文台和室女座最近戏剧性地发现了黑洞合并产生的引力波，以及随后从合并中子星-中子星双星中发现了电磁和引力波信号，数值相对论成为必不可少的工具用于多信使天文学的新领域。对强引力系统物理学的新结果和见解层出不穷。特别强调了解来自这些极端事件的引力波和电磁特征。随着激光干涉引力波天文台和室女座最近戏剧性地发现了黑洞合并产生的引力波，以及随后从合并中子星-中子星双星中发现了电磁和引力波信号，数值相对论成为必不可少的工具用于多信使天文学的新领域。对强引力系统物理学的新结果和见解层出不穷。特别强调了解来自这些极端事件的引力波和电磁特征。随着激光干涉引力波天文台和室女座最近戏剧性地发现了黑洞合并产生的引力波，以及随后从合并中子星-中子星双星中发现了电磁和引力波信号，数值相对论成为必不可少的工具用于多信使天文学的新领域。