The ability of plants to sense and integrate daily and seasonal changes in light and temperature and to adjust their growth and development accordingly, is critical to withstand severe weather oscillations in a year. While molecular mechanisms controlling light responses are relatively well established, those involved in the perception and response to temperature are just beginning to be understood. Phytochromes emerged as major temperature sensors; due to warmer temperatures accelerate the dark reversal reaction to the Pr inactive state. Downstream of phytochromes, the bHLH Phytochrome Interacting Factors, and in particular PIF4, act as central signaling hubs to growth coordination in response to light and temperature cues, and to the gibberellin and brassinosteroid pathways. Here we discuss recent findings showing that phytochromes control PIFs activity not only by signaling their destruction in the light, but by modulating transcriptional repression of these factors by the circadian clock. Together with this repression, phytochromes inactivate the COP1/SPA ubiquitin ligase, which negatively regulates light signaling through degradation of a large set of nuclear photomorphogenesis-promoting factors that suppress PIFs activity.

中文翻译：

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PIF和E3连接酶COP1 / SPA1的收敛调节通过植物植物色素介导热感下胚轴伸长。

植物感知和整合光和温度的每日和季节性变化并相应地调节其生长和发育的能力，对于抵御一年中严峻的天气波动至关重要。尽管控制光响应的分子机制已经相对完善，但是与温度的感知和响应有关的分子机制才刚刚开始被理解。植物色素成为主要的温度传感器。由于温度升高，加速了黑暗逆反应，使Pr失去活性。在植物色素的下游，bHLH植物色素相互作用因子，尤其是PIF4，是响应光和温度信号以及赤霉素和油菜素甾类途径而成为生长协调的中心信号枢纽。在这里，我们讨论最近的发现，这些发现表明，植物色素不仅通过发出信号在光中破坏信号，而且通过昼夜节律调节这些因子的转录抑制来控制PIF的活性。与此抑制一起，植物色素使COP1 / SPA泛素连接酶失活，后者通过抑制PIFs活性的大量核光形态发生促进因子的降解来负调节光信号传导。