An internal locus of control may be particularly valuable for youth with low socioeconomic status (SES), yet the mechanisms that externalize their control remain unclear. This study uses data on 16,450 U.S. eighth graders surveyed for the National Education Longitudinal Study in 1988 and 1990. Results indicate family income is more closely associated with adolescents’ locus of control than parents’ occupations and educational attainment and that race does not independently affect adolescents’ locus of control net of these other components of SES. Findings also indicate higher SES adolescents feel more internal locus of control in largest part because their parents discuss school more often with them, their homes have more books and other cognitive resources, they receive higher grades in middle school science and social studies, they are more likely to attend a private rather than public school, their friends are more academically oriented, and they feel safer at school.

中文翻译：

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父母、学业、学校和同侪因素对青少年控制源社会经济地位差异的贡献。

内部控制源对于社会经济地位（SES）较低的年轻人来说可能特别有价值，但将其控制外部化的机制仍不清楚。本研究使用 1988 年和 1990 年国家教育纵向研究调查的 16,450 名美国八年级学生的数据。结果表明，家庭收入与青少年控制点的关系比父母的职业和教育程度更密切，而且种族并不独立影响青少年' SES 的这些其他组件的控制网络。研究结果还表明，社会经济地位较高的青少年感受到更多的内部控制点，这在很大程度上是因为他们的父母更频繁地与他们讨论学校问题，他们的家庭有更多的书籍和其他认知资源，他们在中学科学和社会研究中获得更高的成绩，他们更愿意接受教育。他们更有可能就读私立学校而不是公立学校，他们的朋友更注重学术，而且他们在学校感觉更安全。