Recent developments in the immuno-oncology field strongly support a role for the immune system in both the prevention and progression of melanoma. Melanoma is a highly immunogenic cancer, including its ability to induce tumour antigen-specific B cell and antibody responses through largely unknown mechanisms. This review considers likely hypothetical mechanisms by which anti-tumour surveillance detects pre-cancerous cells and by which immune (including B cell and antibody) responses may be elicited during malignancy. The review further considers potential pro- and anti-tumour functions of B cells and antibodies (including tertiary lymphoid structures) in both the tumour microenvironment and in circulation. Although the vast majority of studies have focused on T cells, recent evidence highlights the important roles of B cells in response to malignancy. B cells and antibodies are also discussed in the context of their potential utility as clinical biomarkers for various applications (as diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity proxies), with a particular focus on protein microarray-based antibody detection and quantitation. Although the role of B cells in melanoma is incompletely understood, the measurement of circulating tumour-specific antibodies represents a promising avenue in the search for melanoma-relevant biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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黑色素瘤中的B细胞和抗体产生。

免疫肿瘤学领域的最新发展强烈支持免疫系统在预防和发展黑色素瘤中的作用。黑色素瘤是一种高度免疫原性的癌症，包括通过很大程度上未知的机制诱导肿瘤抗原特异性B细胞和抗体反应的能力。这篇综述考虑了可能的假想机制，通过这些假想机制，抗肿瘤监测可检测癌前细胞，并在恶性肿瘤中引发免疫反应（包括B细胞和抗体）。该综述进一步考虑了在肿瘤微环境和循环中B细胞和抗体（包括三级淋巴样结构）潜在的抗肿瘤和抗肿瘤功能。尽管绝大多数研究都集中在T细胞上，最近的证据突出了B细胞对恶性肿瘤的重要作用。在B细胞和抗体作为各种应用（如诊断，预后，治疗效果和毒性代理）的临床生物标记物的潜在效用的背景下，还讨论了B细胞和抗体，特别关注基于蛋白质微阵列的抗体检测和定量。尽管B细胞在黑素瘤中的作用尚不完全清楚，但是循环肿瘤特异性抗体的测量代表了寻找与黑素瘤相关的生物标记物的有希望的途径。特别关注基于蛋白质微阵列的抗体检测和定量。尽管B细胞在黑素瘤中的作用尚不完全清楚，但是循环肿瘤特异性抗体的测量代表了寻找与黑素瘤相关的生物标记物的有希望的途径。特别关注基于蛋白质微阵列的抗体检测和定量。尽管B细胞在黑素瘤中的作用尚不完全清楚，但是循环肿瘤特异性抗体的测量代表了寻找与黑素瘤相关的生物标记物的有希望的途径。