Key message

Overview of current understanding of epigenetic alterations after abiotic stresses during reproductive development in cereals.

Abstract

Abiotic stresses, including heat, drought, cold, flooding, and salinity, negatively impact crop productivity. Various stages during reproductive development are especially sensitive to environmental stresses, which may lead to complete sterility and severe yield losses. Plants exhibit diverse responses to ameliorate stress damage. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification as well as regulation of small RNA and long noncoding RNA pathways have been shown to represent key modulators in plant stress responses. During reproductive development in cereals, various protein complexes controlling histone and DNA methylation have been identified, revealing conserved and novel mechanisms regulating abiotic stress responses in cereals and other plant species. New findings highlight the role of transposable elements during stress periods. Here, we review our current understanding of epigenetic stress responses during male and female gametophyte formation (germline development), fertilization, early seed devolvement, and seed maturation in cereals. An integrative model of epigenetic responses during reproductive development in cereals is proposed, emphasizing the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications during abiotic stresses.

中文翻译：

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谷物生殖发育过程中对非生物胁迫的表观遗传反应。

关键信息

目前对谷物生殖发育过程中非生物胁迫后表观遗传改变的认识概述。

抽象的

非生物胁迫，包括高温、干旱、寒冷、洪水和盐度，会对作物生产力产生负面影响。生殖发育的各个阶段对环境胁迫特别敏感，这可能导致完全不育和严重的产量损失。植物对减轻应激损伤表现出多种反应。DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰以及小 RNA 和长非编码 RNA 途径的调节变化已被证明是植物胁迫反应的关键调节剂。在谷物的生殖发育过程中，已鉴定出控制组蛋白和 DNA 甲基化的各种蛋白质复合物，揭示了谷物和其他植物物种中调节非生物胁迫反应的保守且新颖的机制。新的发现强调了转座因子在应激期间的作用。在这里，我们回顾了目前对谷物雄性和雌性配子体形成（种系发育）、受精、早期种子发育和种子成熟过程中表观遗传应激反应的理解。提出了谷物生殖发育过程中表观遗传反应的综合模型，强调了非生物胁迫期间 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰的作用。