The LAFL (i.e. LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) master transcriptional regulators interact to form different complexes that induce embryo development and maturation, and inhibit seed germination and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis. Orthologous genes involved in similar regulatory processes have been described in various angiosperms including important crop species. Consistent with a prominent role of the LAFL regulators in triggering and maintaining embryonic cell fate, their expression appears finely tuned in different tissues during seed development and tightly repressed in vegetative tissues by a surprisingly high number of genetic and epigenetic factors. Partial functional redundancies and intricate feedback regulations of the LAFL have hampered the elucidation of the underpinning molecular mechanisms. Nevertheless, genetic, genomic, cellular, molecular, and biochemical analyses implemented during the last years have greatly improved our knowledge of the LALF network. Here we summarize and discuss recent progress, together with current issues required to gain a comprehensive insight into the network, including the emerging function of LEC1 and possibly LEC2 as pioneer transcription factors.

中文翻译：

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控制种子发育的LAFL转录调节因子的分子和表观遗传学调控及功能。

LAFL（即LEC1，ABI3，FUS3和LEC2）主转录调节因子相互作用形成诱导胚胎发育和成熟并抑制拟南芥种子萌发和营养生长的不同复合物。已经在包括重要农作物种在内的各种被子植物中描述了涉及相似调控过程的直系同源基因。与LAFL调节剂在触发和维持胚胎细胞命运中的突出作用相一致，它们的表达在种子发育过程中似乎在不同组织中微调，而在营养组织中却受到令人惊讶的大量遗传和表观遗传因素的严格抑制。LAFL的部分功能冗余和复杂的反馈法规已阻碍了对基础分子机制的阐明。尽管如此，遗传，基因组，细胞，最近几年实施的分子和生化分析大大提高了我们对LALF网络的了解。在这里，我们总结和讨论最新进展，以及获得对网络的全面了解所需的当前问题，包括LEC1以及可能的LEC2作为先驱转录因子的新兴功能。