Oysters are keystone species in estuarine ecosystems and are of substantial economic value to fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. Contending with disease and environmental stress are considerable challenges to oyster culture. Here we report a draft genome of the Sydney Rock Oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, an iconic and commercially important species of edible oyster in Australia known for its enhanced resilience to harsh environmental conditions. This is the second reference genome to be reported from the family Ostreidae enabling a genus-level study of lophotrochozoan genome evolution. Our analysis of the 784-megabase S. glomerata genome shows extensive expansions of gene families associated with immunological non-self-recognition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed highly tissue-specific patterns of expression among these genes, suggesting a complex assortment of immune receptors provide this oyster with a unique capacity to recognize invading microbes. Several gene families involved in stress response are notably expanded in Saccostrea compared with other oysters, and likely key to this species' adaptations for improved survival higher in the intertidal zone. The Sydney Rock Oyster genome provides a valuable resource for future research in molluscan biology, evolution and environmental resilience. Its close relatedness to Crassostrea will further comparative studies, advancing the means for improved oyster agriculture and conservation.

中文翻译：

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牡蛎酵母的基因组提供了对双壳类动物的环境适应能力的洞察力。

牡蛎是河口生态系统中的关键物种，对全世界的渔业和水产养殖具有重大的经济价值。应对疾病和环境压力是牡蛎养殖面临的巨大挑战。在这里，我们报告了悉尼岩牡蛎（Saccostrea glomerata）的基因组草图，该牡蛎是澳大利亚的标志性和商业上重要的食用牡蛎种，以其对恶劣环境条件的增强适应性而闻名。这是Ostreidae家族报告的第二个参考基因组，可进行恶性疟原虫基因组进化的属水平研究。我们对784兆碱基的S.glomerata基因组的分析显示，与免疫非自我识别相关的基因家族广泛扩展。转录组学分析揭示了这些基因之间高度组织特异性的表达模式，这表明，复杂的免疫受体种类为牡蛎提供了识别入侵微生物的独特能力。与其他牡蛎相比，Saccostrea中涉及应激反应的几个基因家族显着扩大，这可能是该物种适应提高潮间带更高生存率的关键。悉尼岩牡蛎基因组为软体动物生物学，进化和环境适应性的未来研究提供了宝贵的资源。它与Crassostrea的紧密联系将进一步进行比较研究，从而为改善牡蛎养殖和保护提供手段。这可能是该物种适应潮间带更高生存率的关键。悉尼岩牡蛎基因组为软体动物生物学，进化和环境适应性的未来研究提供了宝贵的资源。它与Crassostrea的紧密联系将进一步进行比较研究，从而为改善牡蛎农业和保护提供手段。这可能是该物种适应潮间带更高生存率的关键。悉尼岩牡蛎基因组为软体动物生物学，进化和环境适应性的未来研究提供了宝贵的资源。它与Crassostrea的紧密联系将进一步进行比较研究，从而为改善牡蛎养殖和保护提供手段。