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TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations.
Neural Development ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-28 , DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0127-z
Jennifer Rios-Pilier 1 , Robin F Krimm 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND During development, gustatory (taste) neurons likely undergo numerous changes in morphology and expression prior to differentiation into maturity, but little is known this process or the factors that regulate it. Neuron differentiation is likely regulated by a combination of transcription and growth factors. Embryonically, most geniculate neuron development is regulated by the growth factor brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Postnatally, however, BDNF expression becomes restricted to subpopulations of taste receptor cells with specific functions. We hypothesized that during development, the receptor for BDNF, tropomyosin kinase B receptor (TrkB), may also become developmentally restricted to a subset of taste neurons and could be one factor that is differentially expressed across taste neuron subsets. METHODS We used transgenic mouse models to label both geniculate neurons innervating the oral cavity (Phox2b+), which are primarily taste, from those projecting to the outer ear (auricular neurons) to label TrkB expressing neurons (TrkBGFP). We also compared neuron number, taste bud number, and taste receptor cell types in wild-type animals and conditional TrkB knockouts. RESULTS Between E15.5-E17.5, TrkB receptor expression becomes restricted to half of the Phox2b + neurons. This TrkB downregulation was specific to oral cavity projecting neurons, since TrkB expression remained constant throughout development in the auricular geniculate neurons (Phox2b-). Conditional TrkB removal from oral sensory neurons (Phox2b+) reduced this population to 92% of control levels, indicating that only 8% of these neurons do not depend on TrkB for survival during development. The remaining neurons failed to innervate any remaining taste buds, 14% of which remained despite the complete loss of innervation. Finally, some types of taste receptor cells (Car4+) were more dependent on innervation than others (PLCβ2+). CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations: 1) neurons that always express TrkB and are TrkB-dependent during development (50%), 2) neurons dependent on TrkB during development but that downregulate TrkB expression between E15.5 and E17.5 (41%), and 3) neurons that never express or depend on TrkB (9%). These TrkB-independent neurons are likely non-gustatory, as they do not innervate taste buds.

中文翻译:

TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群。

背景技术在发育过程中,味觉(味觉)神经元在分化为成熟之前可能会经历许多形态和表达变化,但对该过程或调节它的因素知之甚少。神经元分化可能受转录和生长因子的组合调节。胚胎上,大多数膝状神经元发育受生长因子脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)调节。然而,在出生后,BDNF表达被限制在具有特定功能的味觉受体细胞亚群中。我们假设在发育过程中,BDNF的受体,原肌球蛋白激酶B受体(TrkB),也可能在发育上局限于一部分味觉神经元,并且可能是在整个味觉神经元子集中差异表达的一个因素。方法我们使用转基因小鼠模型标记从支配到外耳的耳神经(Phox2b +)(主要是味觉)到膝部神经(Phox2b +),以标记表达TrkB的神经元(TrkBGFP)。我们还比较了野生型动物和条件性TrkB基因敲除中的神经元数量,味蕾数量和味觉受体细胞类型。结果在E15.5-E17.5之间,TrkB受体的表达被限制在Phox2b +神经元的一半。这种TrkB下调是特定于口腔投射神经元的,因为TurB表达在耳状膝状神经元(Phox2b-)的整个发育过程中保持恒定。从口腔感觉神经元(Phox2b +)中有条件地去除TrkB可使该人群降至对照水平的92%,表明只有8%的神经元在发育过程中不依赖TrkB存活。其余的神经元无法神经支配任何残留的味蕾,尽管神经支配完全丧失,但仍保留了14%。最后,某些类型的味觉受体细胞(Car4 +)比其他类型(PLCβ2+)更依赖于神经支配。结论在一起,这些发现表明TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群:1)始终表达TrkB且在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但下调TrkB表达的神经元在E15.5和E17.5之间(41%),以及3)从未表达或不依赖TrkB的神经元(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。其余的神经元无法神经支配任何残留的味蕾,尽管神经支配完全丧失,但仍保留了14%。最后,某些类型的味觉受体细胞(Car4 +)比其他类型(PLCβ2+)更依赖于神经支配。结论在一起,这些发现表明TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群:1)始终表达TrkB且在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但下调TrkB表达的神经元在E15.5和E17.5之间(41%),以及3)从未表达或不依赖TrkB的神经元(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。其余的神经元无法神经支配任何残留的味蕾,尽管神经支配完全丧失,但仍保留了14%。最后,某些类型的味觉受体细胞(Car4 +)比其他类型(PLCβ2+)更依赖于神经支配。结论在一起,这些发现表明TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群:1)始终表达TrkB且在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但下调TrkB表达的神经元在E15.5和E17.5之间(41%),以及3)从未表达或不依赖TrkB的神经元(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。某些类型的味觉受体细胞(Car4 +)比其他类型(PLCβ2+)更依赖于神经支配。结论在一起,这些发现表明TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群:1)始终表达TrkB且在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但下调TrkB表达的神经元在E15.5和E17.5之间(41%),以及3)从未表达或不依赖TrkB的神经元(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。某些类型的味觉受体细胞(Car4 +)比其他类型(PLCβ2+)更依赖于神经支配。结论在一起,这些发现表明TrkB的表达和依赖性将味觉神经元分为三个亚群:1)始终表达TrkB且在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但下调TrkB表达的神经元在E15.5和E17.5之间(41%),以及3)从未表达或不依赖TrkB的神经元(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。1)在发育过程中始终表达TrkB并依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但在E15.5和E17.5之间下调TrkB表达(41%),以及3)从不表达或依赖TrkB(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。1)在发育过程中始终表达TrkB并依赖TrkB的神经元(50%),2)在发育过程中依赖TrkB的神经元但在E15.5和E17.5之间下调TrkB表达(41%),以及3)从不表达或依赖TrkB(9%)。这些不依赖TrkB的神经元可能没有味觉,因为它们不影响味蕾。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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