We examined macrophyte–environment relationships in shallow lakes located within the Prairie Parkland and Laurentian Mixed Forest provinces of Minnesota. Environmental variables included land cover within lake watersheds, and within-lake, water and sediment characteristics. CCA indicated that sediment fraction smaller than 63 μm (f < 63), open water area, turbidity, and percent woodland and agricultural cover in watersheds were significant environmental variables explaining 36.6% of variation in macrophyte cover. When Province was added to the analysis as a spatial covariate, these environmental variables explained 30.8% of the variation in macrophyte cover. CCA also indicated that pH, f < 63, percent woodland cover in watersheds, open water area, emergent vegetation area, and organic matter content were significant environmental variables explaining 43.5% of the variation in macrophyte biomass. When Province was added to the analysis as a spatial covariate, these environmental variables explained 39.1% of the variation in macrophyte biomass. The f < 63 was the most important environmental variable explaining variation for both measures of macrophyte abundance (cover and biomass) when Province was added as a spatial covariate to the models. Percent woodland in watersheds, turbidity, open water area, and Ca + Mg explained 34.5% of the variation in macrophyte community composition. Most species showed a negative relationship with turbidity and open water area except for Potamogeton richardsonii, Stuckenia pectinata, and filamentous algae. Our study further demonstrates the extent to which macrophyte abundance and community composition are related to site- and watershed-scale variables including lake morphology, water and sediment characteristics, and percent land cover of adjacent uplands.

我们研究了位于明尼苏达州草原公园和劳伦森混交林省内浅湖中大型植物与环境的关系。环境变量包括湖泊流域内的土地覆盖，以及湖内、水和沉积物的特征。CCA 表明小于 63 μm ( f  < 63) 的沉积物部分、开阔水域、浊度和流域中林地和农业覆盖百分比是重要的环境变量，解释了大型植物覆盖变化的 36.6%。当将省作为空间协变量添加到分析中时，这些环境变量解释了大型植物覆盖变化的 30.8%。CCA 还表明 pH、f < 63，流域的林地覆盖百分比、开阔水域、挺水植被面积和有机质含量是重要的环境变量，解释了 43.5% 的大型植物生物量变化。当将省作为空间协变量添加到分析中时，这些环境变量解释了大型植物生物量变化的 39.1%。 当将省作为空间协变量添加到模型中时，f < 63 是解释大型植物丰度（覆盖度和生物量）两种测量值变化的最重要的环境变量。流域中的林地百分比、浊度、开阔水域和 Ca + Mg 解释了大型植物群落组成变化的 34.5%。大多数物种与浊度和开阔水域呈负相关，除了Potamogeton richardsonii、Stuckenia pectinata和丝状藻类。我们的研究进一步证明了大型植物丰度和群落组成与场地和流域尺度变量相关的程度，包括湖泊形态、水和沉积物特征以及相邻高地的土地覆盖百分比。