Research using nonhuman primates (NHPs) as models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has resulted in tremendous achievements not only in the prevention and treatment of HIV, but also in biomedical research more broadly. Once considered a death sentence, HIV infection is now fairly well controlled with combination antiretroviral treatments, almost all of which were first tested for efficacy and safety in nonhuman primates or other laboratory animals. Research in NHP has led to "dogma changing" discoveries in immunology, infectious disease, and even our own genetics. We now know that many of our genes are retroviral remnants, or developed in response to archaic HIV-like retroviral infections. Early studies involving blood from HIV patients and in experiments in cultured tissues contributed to confusion regarding the cause of AIDS and impeded progress in the development of effective interventions. Research on the many retroviruses of different NHP species have broadened our understanding of human immunology and perhaps even our origins and evolution as a species. In combination with recent advances in molecular biology and computational analytics, research in NHPs has unique potential for discoveries that will directly lead to new cures for old human and animal diseases, including HIV/AIDS.

中文翻译：

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非人类的灵长类动物模型和对HIV感染和AIDS发病机理的理解。

使用非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）作为人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染和后天免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）的模型的研究不仅在HIV的预防和治疗方面取得了巨大成就，而且在更广泛的生物医学研究中也取得了巨大的成就。曾经被判处死刑的HIV感染现在可以通过抗逆转录病毒联合疗法得到很好的控制，几乎所有的疗法都首先在非人类灵长类动物或其他实验动物中进行了功效和安全性测试。NHP的研究导致了免疫学，传染病甚至我们自己的遗传学方面的“教条改变”发现。现在我们知道，我们的许多基因都是逆转录病毒残留物，或者是在对过时的HIV样逆转录病毒感染做出反应后才形成的。涉及HIV患者血液和培养组织实验的早期研究加剧了关于AIDS病因的困惑，并阻碍了有效干预措施的发展。对不同NHP物种的许多逆转录病毒的研究拓宽了我们对人类免疫学的理解，甚至拓宽了我们作为物种的起源和进化。与分子生物学和计算分析的最新进展相结合，对NHP的研究具有独特的发现潜力，这些发现将直接导致针对人类和动物疾病（包括HIV / AIDS）的新疗法。对不同NHP物种的许多逆转录病毒的研究拓宽了我们对人类免疫学的理解，甚至拓宽了我们作为物种的起源和进化。与分子生物学和计算分析的最新进展相结合，对NHP的研究具有独特的发现潜力，这些发现将直接导致针对人类和动物疾病（包括HIV / AIDS）的新疗法。对不同NHP物种的许多逆转录病毒的研究拓宽了我们对人类免疫学的理解，甚至拓宽了我们作为物种的起源和进化。与分子生物学和计算分析的最新进展相结合，对NHP的研究具有独特的发现潜力，这些发现将直接导致针对人类和动物疾病（包括HIV / AIDS）的新疗法。