The perspective of neuroinflammation as an epiphenomenon following neuron damage is being replaced by the awareness of glia and their importance in neural functions and disorders. Systemic inflammation generates signals that communicate with the brain and leads to changes in metabolism and behavior, with microglia assuming a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Identification of potential peripheral-to-central cellular links is thus a critical step in designing effective therapeutics. Mast cells may fulfill such a role. These resident immune cells are found close to and within peripheral nerves and in brain parenchyma/meninges, where they exercise a key role in orchestrating the inflammatory process from initiation through chronic activation. Mast cells and glia engage in crosstalk that contributes to accelerate disease progression; such interactions become exaggerated with aging and increased cell sensitivity to stress. Emerging evidence for oligodendrocytes, independent of myelin and support of axonal integrity, points to their having strong immune functions, innate immune receptor expression, and production/response to chemokines and cytokines that modulate immune responses in the central nervous system while engaging in crosstalk with microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the findings related to our understanding of the biology and cellular signaling mechanisms of neuroinflammation, with emphasis on mast cell-glia interactions.

中文翻译：

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神经炎症，肥大细胞和神经胶质细胞：危险联络。

神经胶质及其在神经功能和疾病中的重要性已被神经胶质损害及其重要性所取代。全身性炎症会产生与大脑沟通的信号，并导致新陈代谢和行为发生变化，小胶质细胞会呈现促炎表型。因此，潜在的外周到中心细胞连接的鉴定是设计有效治疗剂的关键步骤。肥大细胞可以发挥这种作用。这些驻留的免疫细胞位于周围神经附近和内部，以及在脑实质/脑膜中，在那里它们在协调炎症过程中起着关键作用，炎症过程从开始到慢性激活。肥大细胞和神经胶质细胞参与串扰，有助于加速疾病发展。随着年龄的增长和细胞对压力的敏感性增加，这种相互作用变得更加夸张。少突胶质细胞独立于髓磷脂并支持轴突完整性的新证据表明它们具有强大的免疫功能，先天性免疫受体表达以及对趋化因子和细胞因子的产生/反应，这些因子调节中枢神经系统中的免疫反应，同时参与与小胶质细胞的串扰。和星形胶质细胞。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与我们对神经炎症的生物学和细胞信号传导机制的理解有关的发现，重点是肥大细胞-神经胶质细胞相互作用。先天免疫受体的表达，以及对趋化因子和细胞因子的产生/反应，这些因子调节中枢神经系统中的免疫反应，同时与小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞发生串扰。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与我们对神经炎症的生物学和细胞信号传导机制的理解有关的发现，重点是肥大细胞-神经胶质细胞相互作用。先天免疫受体的表达，以及对趋化因子和细胞因子的产生/反应，这些因子调节中枢神经系统中的免疫反应，同时与小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞发生串扰。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与我们对神经炎症的生物学和细胞信号传导机制的理解有关的发现，重点是肥大细胞-神经胶质细胞相互作用。