Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel, originally described in 2000 by research teams led by Schultz (Nat Cell Biol 2: 695-702, 2000) and Liedtke (Cell 103: 525-535, 2000). TRPV4 is now recognized as being a polymodal ionotropic receptor that is activated by a disparate array of stimuli, ranging from hypotonicity to heat and acidic pH. Importantly, this ion channel is constitutively expressed and capable of spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist stimulation, which suggests that it serves important physiological functions, as does its widespread dissemination throughout the body and its capacity to interact with other proteins. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has emerged more recently that TRPV4 fulfills a great number of important physiological roles and that various disease states are attributable to the absence, or abnormal functioning, of this ion channel. Here, we review the known characteristics of this ion channel's structure, localization and function, including its activators, and examine its functional importance in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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TRPV4：多元化乐团的分子指挥。

瞬态受体电位香草素 4 型 (TRPV4) 是一种钙可渗透的非选择性阳离子通道，最初由 Schultz (Nat Cell Biol 2: 695-702, 2000) 和 Liedtke (Cell 103: 525-535, 2000）。TRPV4 现在被认为是一种多模式离子型受体，它被一系列不同的刺激激活，从低渗性到热和酸性 pH 值。重要的是，该离子通道在没有激动剂刺激的情况下组成型表达并能够自发活动，这表明它具有重要的生理功能，其在全身广泛传播以及与其他蛋白质相互作用的能力也是如此。因此，毫不奇怪，最近发现 TRPV4 发挥了许多重要的生理作用，各种疾病状态可归因于该离子通道的缺失或功能异常。在这里，我们回顾了这种离子通道的结构、定位和功能的已知特征，包括它的激活剂，并检查了它在健康和疾病中的功能重要性。