Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) are of fundamental importance in the brain. They are responsible for the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission, and their overactivation is potently excitotoxic. Recent findings have implicated AMPARs in synapse formation and stabilization, and regulation of functional AMPARs is the principal mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity. Changes in AMPAR activity have been described in the pathology of numerous diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and epilepsy. Unsurprisingly, the developmental and activity-dependent changes in the functional synaptic expression of these receptors are under tight cellular regulation. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the postsynaptic insertion, arrangement, and lifetime of surface-expressed AMPARs are the subject of intense and widespread investigation. For example, there has been an explosion of information about proteins that interact with AMPAR subunits, and these interactors are beginning to provide real insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the cell biology of AMPARs. As a result, there has been considerable progress in this field, and the aim of this review is to provide an account of the current state of knowledge.

中文翻译：

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α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸受体的分子药理学和细胞生物学。

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate 受体 (AMPAR) 在大脑中非常重要。它们负责大部分快速兴奋性突触传递，并且它们的过度激活具有强烈的兴奋毒性。最近的研究结果表明 AMPAR 参与了突触的形成和稳定，而功能性 AMPAR 的调节是突触可塑性的主要机制。AMPAR 活性的变化已在多种疾病的病理学中得到描述，例如阿尔茨海默病、中风和癫痫。不出所料，这些受体的功能性突触表达的发育和活动依赖性变化受到严格的细胞调节。控制突触后插入、排列的分子和细胞机制，表面表达的 AMPAR 的寿命和寿命是深入和广泛研究的主题。例如，关于与 AMPAR 亚基相互作用的蛋白质的信息爆炸式增长，这些相互作用开始提供对 AMPAR 细胞生物学基础的分子和细胞机制的真正洞察。因此，该领域取得了相当大的进展，本次审查的目的是提供对当前知识状态的说明。