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Activin A in Mammalian Physiology.
Physiological Reviews ( IF 29.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-13 , DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018
Enrrico Bloise 1 , Pasquapina Ciarmela 1 , Cynthia Dela Cruz 1 , Stefano Luisi 1 , Felice Petraglia 1 , Fernando M Reis 1
Affiliation  

Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. The current understanding of activin A surpasses the reproductive system and allows its classification as a hormone, a growth factor, and a cytokine. In more than 30 yr of intense research, activin A was localized in female and male reproductive organs but also in other organs and systems as diverse as the brain, liver, lung, bone, and gut. Moreover, its roles include embryonic differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall in early pregnancy, and fetal/neonate brain protection in hypoxic conditions. It is now recognized that activin A overexpression may be either cytostatic or mitogenic, depending on the cell type, with important implications for tumor biology. Activin A also regulates bone formation and regeneration, enhances joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and triggers pathogenic mechanisms in the respiratory system. In this 30-yr review, we analyze the evidence for physiological roles of activin A and the potential use of activin agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents.

中文翻译:

哺乳动物生理学中的激活素A。

激活素是属于转化生长因子β超家族的二聚体糖蛋白,是两个β亚基组装而成的,也可以与α亚基结合形成抑制素。活化素是在从猪卵泡液中分离抑制素后于1986年发现的,其特征是卵巢激素,可刺激垂体释放卵泡刺激素(FSH)。特别地,激活素A被证明是在人类中具有更大生理重要性的同工型。目前对激活素A的理解超过了生殖系统,并可以将其分类为激素,生长因子和细胞因子。在30多年的深入研究中,激活素A定位于男性和女性生殖器官中,也定位于其他器官和系统中,例如大脑,肝,肺,骨和肠。此外,它的作用包括胚胎分化,妊娠早期子宫壁的滋养细胞侵袭以及在缺氧条件下对胎儿/新生儿脑的保护。现在已经认识到,活化素A的过表达可能是细胞抑制性的或促有丝分裂的,这取决于细胞类型,这对肿瘤生物学具有重要意义。激活素A还可以调节骨的形成和再生,增强类风湿关节炎的关节炎症,并触发呼吸系统的致病机制。在这30年的综述中,我们分析了激活素A的生理作用以及激活素激动剂和拮抗剂作为治疗剂的潜在用途的证据。缺氧条件下的胎儿/新生儿脑保护。现在已经认识到,活化素A的过表达可能是细胞抑制性的或促有丝分裂的,这取决于细胞类型,这对肿瘤生物学具有重要意义。激活素A还可以调节骨的形成和再生,增强类风湿关节炎的关节炎症,并触发呼吸系统的致病机制。在这30年的综述中,我们分析了激活素A的生理作用以及激活素激动剂和拮抗剂作为治疗剂的潜在用途的证据。缺氧条件下的胎儿/新生儿脑保护。现在已经认识到,活化素A的过表达可能是细胞抑制性的或促有丝分裂的,这取决于细胞类型,这对肿瘤生物学具有重要意义。激活素A还可以调节骨的形成和再生,增强类风湿关节炎的关节炎症,并触发呼吸系统的致病机制。在这30年的综述中,我们分析了激活素A的生理作用以及激活素激动剂和拮抗剂作为治疗剂的潜在用途的证据。增强类风湿关节炎的关节炎症,并触发呼吸系统的致病机制。在这30年的综述中,我们分析了激活素A的生理作用以及激活素激动剂和拮抗剂作为治疗剂的潜在用途的证据。增强类风湿关节炎的关节炎症,并触发呼吸系统的致病机制。在这30年的综述中,我们分析了激活素A的生理作用以及激活素激动剂和拮抗剂作为治疗剂的潜在用途的证据。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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