This review presents lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a unique tool to investigate the physiology of integrated systemic compensatory responses to altered hemodynamic patterns during conditions of central hypovolemia in humans. An early review published in Physiological Reviews over 40 yr ago (Wolthuis et al. Physiol Rev 54: 566-595, 1974) focused on the use of LBNP as a tool to study effects of central hypovolemia, while more than a decade ago a review appeared that focused on LBNP as a model of hemorrhagic shock (Cooke et al. J Appl Physiol (1985) 96: 1249-1261, 2004). Since then there has been a great deal of new research that has applied LBNP to investigate complex physiological responses to a variety of challenges including orthostasis, hemorrhage, and other important stressors seen in humans such as microgravity encountered during spaceflight. The LBNP stimulus has provided novel insights into the physiology underlying areas such as intolerance to reduced central blood volume, sex differences concerning blood pressure regulation, autonomic dysfunctions, adaptations to exercise training, and effects of space flight. Furthermore, approaching cardiovascular assessment using prediction models for orthostatic capacity in healthy populations, derived from LBNP tolerance protocols, has provided important insights into the mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and central hypovolemia, especially in some patient populations as well as in healthy subjects. This review also presents a concise discussion of mathematical modeling regarding compensatory responses induced by LBNP. Given the diverse applications of LBNP, it is to be expected that new and innovative applications of LBNP will be developed to explore the complex physiological mechanisms that underline health and disease.

中文翻译：

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下半身负压：生理效应，应用和实施。

这项审查提出下体负压（LBNP）作为研究人体中枢性低血容量情况下对改变的血流动力学模式的综合系统性补偿反应的生理学的独特工具。早在40年前发表在《生理学评论》上的一篇早期综述（Wolthuis等人，Physiol Rev 54：566-595，1974）就将LBNP用作研究中枢血容量不足影响的工具，而十多年前的一篇综述似乎集中于LBNP作为失血性休克的模型（Cooke等人，J Appl Physiol（1985）96：1249-1261，2004）。自那时以来，已有大量新的研究应用LBNP来研究对各种挑战的复杂生理反应，包括直立性，出血，以及人类中其他重要的压力源，例如太空飞行中遇到的微重力。LBNP刺激提供了对生理基础领域的新见解，例如对降低的中心血容量的耐受性，有关血压调节的性别差异，自主神经功能障碍，对运动训练的适应性以及太空飞行的影响。此外，使用源自LBNP耐受方案的健康人群直立性预测模型进行心血管评估，对直立性低血压和中枢血容量不足的机制提供了重要见解，尤其是在某些患者人群以及健康受试者中。这篇综述还提出了关于LBNP引起的代偿反应的数学建模的简要讨论。