Background: Recent studies have shown that depression is inversely correlated with high protein and low fat intake and positively correlated with vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interaction between protein/fat dietary patterns and VDBP genotypes with regard to the risk of depression in apparently healthy adults who have not been diagnosed with any chronic disease. Methods: In this study, 265 individuals (126 males and 139 females) aged 18–55 years were recruited from the communities of central and west Tehran based on convenience sampling. Body composition was measured with a body composition analyzer and depression symptoms were categorized as normal, moderate depression, or severe depression using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess typical food intake during the 12-month period. Blood samples were collected from and biochemical measurements performed on all participants. An analysis of two polymorphisms (rs7041 and rs4588) in the GC gene, which encodes VDBP, was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: A statistically significant association was found between depression and diet (p = 0.03) after having categorized the participants into three groups: a high-protein/low-fat (HP/LF) group, a moderate-protein/moderate-fat (MP/MF) group, and a low-protein/high-fat (LP/HF) group. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that depression was related to both the rs7041 and the rs4588 polymorphism (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02, respectively). We next used multinomial logistic modeling to investigate the risk of depression. A significant interaction was observed between HP/LF diet and the rs7041 polymorphism in the moderate- and severe-depression groups (β = –0.30, p = 0.05, and β = –0.48, p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that an HP/LF diet interacts with the rs7041 polymorphism, with T allele carriers having a greater prevalence of moderate and severe depression.

中文翻译：

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高蛋白/低脂肪饮食可能与维生素 D 结合蛋白基因变体相互作用，以减轻明显健康的成年人患抑郁症的风险

背景：最近的研究表明，抑郁与高蛋白质和低脂肪摄入呈负相关，与维生素 D 结合蛋白（VDBP）呈正相关。因此，本研究的目的是检查蛋白质/脂肪饮食模式与 VDBP 基因型之间的相互作用，以及未诊断出患有任何慢性疾病的表面健康的成年人患抑郁症的风险。方法：在这项研究中，基于便利抽样，从德黑兰中部和西部社区招募了 265 名年龄在 18-55 岁之间的人（126 名男性和 139 名女性）。使用身体成分分析仪测量身体成分，并使用抑郁焦虑压力量表 21 (DASS-21) 问卷将抑郁症状分为正常、中度抑郁或重度抑郁。通过半定量食物频率问卷确定饮食模式，以评估 12 个月期间的典型食物摄入量。从所有参与者身上收集血液样本并对所有参与者进行生化测量。通过聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性分析了编码 VDBP 的 GC 基因中的两个多态性（rs7041 和 rs4588）。结果：在将参与者分为三组后，发现抑郁和饮食之间存在统计学上显着的关联（p = 0.03）：高蛋白/低脂肪 (HP/LF) 组、中等蛋白质/中等脂肪 ( MP/MF) 组和低蛋白/高脂肪 (LP/HF) 组。此外，研究结果表明抑郁症与 rs7041 和 rs4588 多态性都有关（分别为 p = 0.05 和 p = 0.02）。我们接下来使用多项逻辑模型来研究抑郁症的风险。在中度和重度抑郁组中观察到 HP/LF 饮食与 r​​s7041 多态性之间存在显着的相互作用（分别为 β = –0.30，p = 0.05 和 β = –0.48，p = 0.01）。结论：这项研究表明，HP/LF 饮食与 r​​s7041 多态性相互作用，T 等位基因携带者中度和重度抑郁症的患病率更高。