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Swimming exercise to control precocious maturation in male seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
BMC Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2018-04-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0170-8
Marco Graziano 1, 2 , Raul Benito 1, 2 , Josep V Planas 1 , Arjan P Palstra 2, 3
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Male European seabass, already predominant (~ 70%) in cultured stocks, show a high incidence (20-30%) of precocious sexual maturation under current aquaculture practices, leading to important economic losses for the industry. In view of the known modulation of reproductive development by swimming exercise in other teleost species, we aimed at investigating the effects of sustained swimming on reproductive development in seabass males during the first year of life in order to determine if swimming could potentially reduce precocious sexual maturation. METHODS Pre-pubertal seabass (3.91 ± 0.22 g of body weight (BW)) were subjected to a 10 week swimming regime at their optimal swimming speed (Uopt) in an oval-shaped Brett-type flume or kept at rest during this period. Using Blazka-type swim tunnels, Uopt was determined three times during the course of the experiment: 0.66 m s- 1 at 19 ± 1 g BW, 10.2 ± 0.2 cm of standard length (SL) (week 1); 0.69 m s- 1 at 38 ± 3 g BW, 12.7 ± 0.3 cm SL (week 5), and also 0.69 m s- 1 at 77 ± 7 g BW, 15.7 ± 0.5 cm SL (week 9). Every 2 weeks, size and gonadal weight were monitored in the exercised (N = 15) and non-exercised fish (N = 15). After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. RESULTS Our results indicate that sustained swimming exercise at Uopt delays testicular development in male European seabass as evidenced by decreased gonado-somatic index, slower progression of testicular development and by reduced mRNA expression levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshR), 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd), 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βhsd), estrogen receptor-beta (erβ2), anti-mullerian hormone (amh), structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B (smc1β), inhibin beta A (inhba) and gonado-somal derived factor 1 (gsdf1) in exercised males as compared with the non-exercised males. CONCLUSIONS Swimming exercise may represent a natural and non-invasive tool to reduce the incidence of sexually precocious males in seabass aquaculture.

中文翻译:

游泳运动可控制雄性鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)的性早熟。

背景技术在养殖种群中已经占主导地位的欧洲鲈鱼(约占70%),在当前的水产养殖实践中,性早熟的发生率很高(20-30%),从而给该产业造成了重大的经济损失。考虑到其他硬骨鱼类通过游泳运动对生殖发育的已知调节,我们旨在调查持续游泳对鲈鱼雄性第一年生殖生长的影响,以确定游泳是否可能减少性早熟的性成熟。方法将青春期前的鲈鱼(3.91±0.22 g体重(BW))以其最佳游泳速度(Uopt)置于椭圆形布雷特型水槽中进行10周游泳,或在此期间保持静止。使用Blazka型游泳隧道,在实验过程中,对Uopt进行了3次测定:0.66 m s-1(19±1 g体重),10.2±0.2 cm标准长度(SL)(第1周);在38±3 g BW时为0.69 m s-1(12.7±0.3 cm SL)(第5周),在77±7 g BW时为0.69 m s-1(15.7±0.5 cm SL)(第9周)。每两周监测一次运动鱼(N = 15)和非运动鱼(N = 15)的大小和性腺重量。10周后,对运动和未锻炼的男性进行采样,以测定血浆11-酮睾酮水平,通过qPCR测定参与类固醇生成和配子发生的基因的睾丸mRNA表达水平,以及通过组织学方法代表不同精子形成阶段的生殖细胞的相对丰度。检查。结果我们的结果表明,在Uopt持续游泳运动会延迟男性欧洲海鲈的睾丸发育,这可通过降低性腺体细胞指数,减慢睾丸发育的进程以及降低促卵泡激素受体(fshR),3-beta-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3βhsd),11-β羟类固醇脱氢酶(11βhsd),雌激素受体β(erβ2),抗苗勒激素(amh),染色体蛋白1B(smc1β)的结构维持,抑制素βA(inhba)和性腺激素与未锻炼的男性相比,锻炼的男性的体细胞衍生因子1(gsdf1)。结论游泳锻炼可能是减少鲈鱼水产养殖中性早熟的男性发病率的自然且非侵入性的工具。降低卵泡刺激激素受体(fshR),3-β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3βhsd),11-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(11βhsd),雌激素受体-β(erβ2),抗苗勒氏菌的mRNA表达水平,从而降低睾丸发育的进程荷尔蒙(amh),染色体结构蛋白1B(smc1β),抑制素βA(inhba)和性腺源性因子1(gsdf1)的结构维持率,与未锻炼的雄性比较。结论游泳锻炼可能是减少鲈鱼水产养殖中性早熟的男性发病率的自然且非侵入性的工具。降低卵泡刺激激素受体(fshR),3-β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3βhsd),11-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(11βhsd),雌激素受体-β(erβ2),抗苗勒氏菌的mRNA表达水平,从而降低睾丸发育的进程荷尔蒙(amh),染色体结构蛋白1B(smc1β),抑制素βA(inhba)和性腺源性因子1(gsdf1)的结构维持率,与未锻炼的雄性比较。结论游泳锻炼可能是减少鲈鱼水产养殖中性早熟的男性发病率的自然且非侵入性的工具。与未锻炼的男性相比,抗苗勒激素(amh),染色体蛋白质1B(smc1β),抑制素βA(inhba)和性腺体源性因子1(gsdf1)的结构维持。结论游泳锻炼可能是减少鲈鱼水产养殖中性早熟的男性发病率的自然且非侵入性的工具。与未锻炼的雄性相比,抗苗勒激素(amh),染色体蛋白1B(smc1β),抑制素βA(inhba)和性腺源性因子1(gsdf1)的结构维持。结论游泳锻炼可能是减少鲈鱼水产养殖中性早熟的男性发病率的自然且非侵入性的工具。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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