Background/Aims: Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an experimental dietary additive and has been reported to induce methyl depletion when provided by the diet. However, no study evaluated whether supplemental GAA affects DNA methylation, a critical epigenetic process for genome regulation. Methods: In this open-label, repeated-measure interventional trial, we evaluated the impact of 12 weeks of GAA supplementation on global DNA methylation in 14 healthy participants (8 women and 6 men, age 22.2 ± 2.3 years, body mass index 24.8 ± 5.7). Results: Dietary provision of GAA had no effect on global DNA methylation, with 5-methylcytosine (m5C) nonsignificantly increased by 13.4% at postadministration when averaged across participants (95% confidence interval –5.5 to 32.3; p = 0.26). Notable DNA hypomethylation (corresponding to a 5% drop in m5C) was found in 3 of 14 participants at follow-up. Conclusion: Global DNA methylation seems to be unaltered by dietary provision of 3 g of GAA per day for 12 weeks in healthy men and women.

中文翻译：

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饮食中提供胍基乙酸是否会导致健康男性和女性的全球 DNA 低甲基化？

背景/目的：胍基乙酸 (GAA) 是一种实验性膳食添加剂，据报道，当由膳食提供时，它会导致甲基消耗。然而，没有研究评估补充 GAA 是否影响 DNA 甲基化，这是基因组调控的关键表观遗传过程。方法：在这项开放标签、重复测量的干预性试验中，我们评估了 12 周 GAA 补充剂对 14 名健康参与者（8 名女性和 6 名男性，年龄 22.2 ± 2.3 岁，体重指数 24.8 ± 5.7)。结果：饮食中提供 GAA 对整体 DNA 甲基化没有影响，5-甲基胞嘧啶 (m5C) 在给药后平均增加 13.4%（95% 置信区间 –5.5 至 32.3；p = 0.26）。在随访中，14 名参与者中有 3 人发现了显着的 DNA 低甲基化（对应于 m5C 下降 5%）。结论：在健康男性和女性中，每天摄入 3 g GAA 12 周似乎不会改变整体 DNA 甲基化。