The demand for food will increase to an unprecedented level over the next 30 years owing to human population expansion, thus necessitating an evolution that improves the efficiency of livestock production. Genetic gain to improve production traits of domestic animal populations is most effectively achieved via selective use of gametes from animals deemed to be elite, and this principle has been the basis of selective breeding strategies employed by humans for thousands of years. In modern-day animal agriculture, artificial insemination (AI) has been the staple of selective breeding programs, but it has inherent limitations for applications in beef cattle and pig production systems. In this review, we discuss the potential and current state of development for a concept termed Surrogate Sires as a next-generation breeding tool in livestock production. The scheme capitalizes on the capacity of spermatogonial stem cells to regenerate sperm production after isolation from donor testicular tissue and transfer into the testes of a recipient male that lacks endogenous germline, thereby allowing the surrogate male to produce offspring with the donor haplotype via natural mating. This concept provides an effective selective breeding tool to achieve genetic gain that is conducive for livestock production systems in which AI is difficult to implement.

中文翻译：

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精原干细胞移植：家畜的见解和展望。

由于人口的增长，未来30年对粮食的需求将达到前所未有的水平，因此必须进行改进以提高畜牧生产效率。通过有选择地使用被认为是精英的动物的配子来最有效地实现改善家畜种群生产性状的遗传增益，并且这一原理已成为人类数千年来选择育种策略的基础。在现代动物农业中，人工授精（AI）已成为选择性育种计划的主要内容，但它在肉牛和生猪生产系统中的应用具有固有的局限性。在这篇评论中 我们讨论了一种名为“代母Sires”作为畜牧业下一代育种工具的概念的潜在和当前发展状况。该方案利用精子干细胞从供体睾丸组织中分离并转移到缺乏内源种系的受体雄性睾丸中后再生精子的能力，从而使代孕男性通过自然交配产生具有供体单倍型的后代。这一概念为实现遗传增益提供了有效的选择性育种工具，这对难以实施AI的畜牧生产系统有利。该方案利用精子干细胞从供体睾丸组织中分离出来并转移到缺乏内源种系的受体雄性睾丸中后再生精子的能力，从而允许代孕男性通过自然交配产生具有供体单倍型的后代。这一概念为实现遗传增益提供了有效的选择性育种工具，这对难以实施AI的畜牧生产系统有利。该方案利用精子干细胞从供体睾丸组织中分离并转移到缺乏内源种系的受体雄性睾丸中后再生精子的能力，从而使代孕男性通过自然交配产生具有供体单倍型的后代。这一概念为实现遗传增益提供了有效的选择性育种工具，这对难以实施AI的畜牧生产系统有利。