Regenerative endodontic procedures for immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis confer biological advantages such as tooth homeostasis, enhanced immune defense system, and a functional pulp-dentin complex, in addition to clinical advantages such as the facilitation of root development. Currently, this procedure is recognized as a paradigm shift from restoration using materials to regenerate pulp-dentin tissues. Many studies have been conducted with regard to stem/progenitor cells, scaffolds, and biomolecules, associated with pulp tissue engineering. However, preclinical and clinical studies have evidently revealed several drawbacks in the current clinical approach to revascularization that may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, our review examines the challenges encountered under clinical conditions and summarizes current research findings in an attempt to provide direction for transition from basic research to clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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纸浆-牙本质再生：当前的方法和挑战。

根尖性牙周炎的未成熟恒牙的再生牙髓治疗程序不仅具有临床优势（如促进牙根发育），还具有生物学优势，例如牙齿稳态，增强的免疫防御系统和功能性牙髓-牙本质复合物。当前，该程序被认为是从使用材料进行修复到牙髓-牙本质组织再生的范例转变。关于干/祖细胞，支架和生物分子的许多研究已经进行，与纸浆组织工程有关。但是，临床前和临床研究显然揭示了当前血运重建临床方法中的一些缺陷，这些缺陷可能导致不良结果。因此，