Millions of people across the globe suffer from swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, which can lead to malnutrition, pneumonia, and even death. Swallowing cervical auscultation, which has been suggested as a noninvasive screening method for dysphagia, has not been associated yet with any physical events. In this paper, we have compared the hyoid bone displacement extracted from the videofluoroscopy images of 31 swallows to the signal features extracted from the cervical auscultation recordings captured with a tri-axial accelerometer and a microphone. First, the vertical displacement of the anterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the entropy rate of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the kurtosis of the swallowing sounds. Second, the vertical displacement of the posterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the bandwidth of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations. Third, the horizontal displacements of the posterior and anterior parts of the hyoid bone are related to the spectral centroid of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the peak frequency of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations, respectively. At last, the airway protection scores and the command characteristics were associated with the vertical and horizontal displacements, respectively, of the posterior part of the hyoid bone. Additional associations between the patients’ characteristics and auscultations’ signals were also observed. The hyoid bone maximal displacement is a cause of swallowing vibrations and sounds. High-resolution cervical auscultation may offer a noninvasive alternative for dysphagia screening and additional diagnostic information.

中文翻译：

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高分辨率颈部听诊信号特征反映吞咽过程中舌骨的垂直和水平位移

全球有数百万人患有吞咽困难，即吞咽困难，这可能导致营养不良、肺炎，甚至死亡。吞咽颈部听诊已被建议作为吞咽困难的一种无创筛查方法，但尚未与任何身体事件相关。在本文中，我们比较了从 31 只燕子的视频透视图像中提取的舌骨位移与从三轴加速度计和麦克风捕获的颈部听诊记录中提取的信号特征。首先，舌骨前部的垂直位移与上下吞咽振动的熵率和吞咽音的峰度有关。第二，舌骨后部的垂直位移与内外吞咽振动的带宽有关。第三，舌骨后部和前部的水平位移分别与上下吞咽振动的频谱质心和内外吞咽振动的峰值频率有关。最后，气道保护评分和指挥特征分别与舌骨后部的垂直和水平位移相关。还观察到患者特征与听诊信号之间的其他关联。舌骨最大位移是吞咽振动和声音的原因。