This cross-sectional study investigated whether physical activity, social cohesion, and loneliness mediate the association between time spent visiting green spaces and perceived mental health and vitality. Questionnaire data were collected from 3,948 residents from 124 neighborhoods across four European cities. Multilevel linear regression analysis revealed positive, but weak, associations between time spent visiting green space and Medical Outcome Study Short Form (SF-36) mental health and vitality score, which suggest small mental health benefits. Single mediation analyses showed that different indicators of physical activity (total, during leisure time, and walking during leisure time), social cohesion, and loneliness were mediators. Multiple mediation analyses showed that physical activity during leisure time and loneliness may explain about 25% of the relationship. The unmediated part of the association suggests that other mediators may explain the association.

中文翻译：

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体育活动、社会凝聚力和孤独感是否会调节花在参观绿地的时间与心理健康之间的关联？

这项横断面研究调查了体育活动、社会凝聚力和孤独感是否介导了参观绿色空间的时间与感知的心理健康和活力之间的关联。问卷数据来自四个欧洲城市 124 个社区的 3,948 名居民。多级线性回归分析显示，参观绿色空间的时间与医疗结果研究简表 (SF-36) 心理健康和活力评分之间存在正相关但较弱的关联，这表明心理健康益处很小。单一中介分析表明，身体活动（总量、闲暇时间和闲暇时间步行）、社会凝聚力和孤独感的不同指标是中介因素。多重中介分析表明，闲暇时间的体力活动和孤独感可以解释大约 25% 的关系。关联的非中介部分表明其他中介可以解释关联。