The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca²⁺ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.

受体酪氨酸激酶（RTKs）是生长因子受体的一个公认的家族，在人类疾病中起着核心作用，并经常成为治疗目标。RYK，ROR，PTK7和MuSK子家族构成了WNT结合RTK的未被充分研究的子集。WNT，尤其是WNT5A的许多发育，干细胞和病理学作用，涉及通过这些WNT受体的信号传导。结合WNT的RTK具有高度依赖上下文的信号输出，并刺激β-catenin依赖的平面细胞极性和/或WNT / Ca ²⁺途径。RYK，ROR和PTK7成员在其细胞内区域具有伪激酶结构域。已经为这些受体确定了替代的信号传导机制，包括蛋白水解切割和蛋白支架功能。这篇综述探讨了RYK的结构，信号传导，生理和病理作用，特别关注了癌症以及治疗性靶向RYK的可能性。全文将其他与WNT结合的RTK与RYK进行比较，以突出WNT受体这一子集内的相似性和差异。