There has been virtual explosion of studies published in cognitive neuroscience primarily due to increased accessibility to neuroimaging methods, which has led to different approaches in interpretation. This review seeks to synthesize both developmental approaches and more recent views that consider neuroimaging. The ways in which Neuronal Recycling, Neural Reuse, and Language as Shaped by the Brain perspectives seek to clarify the brain bases of cognition will be addressed. Neuroconstructivism as an additional explanatory framework which seeks to bind brain and cognition to development will also be presented. Despite sharing similar goals, the four approaches to understanding how the brain is related to cognition have generally been considered separately. However, we propose that all four perspectives argue for a form of Emergentism in which combinations of smaller elements can lead to a greater whole. This discussion seeks to provide a synthesis of these approaches that leads to the emergence of a theory itself. We term this new synthesis Neurocomputational Emergentism (or Neuromergentism for short).

中文翻译：

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神经突现论：研究认知和大脑的框架


认知神经科学领域发表的研究几乎呈爆炸式增长，这主要是由于神经影像方法的可及性增加，这导致了不同的解释方法。本综述旨在综合考虑神经影像学的发展方法和最新观点。神经元回收、神经重用和由大脑塑造的语言观点试图阐明大脑认知基础的方式将得到解决。神经建构主义作为一个额外的解释框架，旨在将大脑和认知与发展联系起来。尽管有着相似的目标，但理解大脑与认知之间关系的四种方法通常是分开考虑的。然而，我们提出，所有四种观点都主张一种形式的涌现论，其中较小元素的组合可以导致更大的整体。本讨论旨在提供这些方法的综合，从而导致理论本身的出现。我们将这种新的综合称为“神经计算应急论”（或简称“神经应急论”）。