Circadian system is comprised by central circadian pacemaker and several peripheral clocks that receive information from the external environment, synchronizing the circadian clocks. It is widely known that physiology is rhythmic and that the rupture of this rhythmicity can generate serious consequences. Circadian clocks, led by suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the central nervous system, are the responsible for generating this biological rhythmicity. These clocks are affected by external signals such as light (changes between day and night) and feeding rhythms. In this review, the basic principles of the circadian system and current knowledge of biological clocks are addressed, analyzing the relationship between circadian system, food intake, nutrition, and associated metabolic processes. In addition, the consequences occurring when these systems are not well coordinated with each other, such as the development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies, will be thoroughly discussed.

中文翻译：

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昼夜节律的改变及其对肥胖，代谢综合征和心血管疾病的影响。

昼夜节律系统由中央昼夜节律起搏器和几个外围时钟组成，这些外围时钟从外部环境接收信息，使昼夜节律时钟同步。众所周知，生理学是有节奏的，这种节奏的破裂会产生严重的后果。在中枢神经系统中由超视交叉核（SCN）牵头的昼夜节律钟负责产生这种生物节律。这些时钟受外部信号的影响，例如光线（昼夜之间的变化）和进食节奏。在这篇综述中，提出了昼夜节律系统的基本原理和当前生物钟知识，分析了昼夜节律系统，食物摄入，营养和相关代谢过程之间的关系。此外，