The widespread application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) has received increasing attention because of their potential risks to human health and the environment. This review summarizes the relationship between the toxic effects and physicochemical properties of nano-ZnO and the underlying toxicity mechanisms of nano-ZnO. This study presents the possible human health hazards posed by nano-ZnO exposure and the biotoxicity to bacteria, algae, higher plants, aquatic animals, terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates in vitro and in vivo. The advances in research on the ecotoxicity of nano-ZnO and the potential risks to human health are discussed. Finally, the current research deficiencies in this area are identified, and recommendations for future research are proposed.

中文翻译：

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ZnO纳米颗粒：生态毒性和风险评估的最新进展。

氧化锌纳米颗粒（纳米ZnO）的广泛应用因其对人体健康和环境的潜在风险而受到越来越多的关注。这篇综述总结了纳米氧化锌的毒性作用和理化性质与纳米氧化锌的潜在毒性机制之间的关系。这项研究提出了纳米ZnO暴露可能对人体健康造成的危害，以及在体外和体内对细菌，藻类，高等植物，水生动物，陆生无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的生物毒性。讨论了纳米ZnO的生态毒性研究及其对人体健康的潜在风险的研究进展。最后，确定了该领域当前的研究缺陷，并提出了对未来研究的建议。