There are two types of through-the-earth (TTE) wireless communication in the mining industry: magnetic loop TTE and electrode-based (or linear) TTE. While the magnetic loop systems send signal through magnetic fields, the transmitter of an electrode-based TTE system sends signal directly through the mine overburden by driving an extremely low frequency (ELF) or ultralow frequency (ULF) AC current into the earth. The receiver at the other end (underground or surface) detects the resultant current and receives it as a voltage. A wireless communication link between surface and underground is then established. For electrode-based TTE communications, the signal is transmitted through the established electric field and is received as a voltage detected at the receiver. It is important to understand the electric field distribution within the mine overburden for the purpose of designing and improving the performance of the electrode-based TTE systems. In this paper, a complete explicit solution for all three electric field components for the electrode-based TTE communication was developed. An experiment was conducted using a prototype electrode-based TTE system developed by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The mathematical model was then compared and validated with test data. A reasonable agreement was found between them.

中文翻译：

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基于电极的透地 (TTE) 通信电场的数学建模和测量

采矿业有两种穿地（TTE）无线通信：磁环TTE和基于电极（或线性）的TTE。磁回路系统通过磁场发送信号，而基于电极的 TTE 系统的发射器则通过将极低频 (ELF) 或超低频 (ULF) 交流电流驱动到地球上，直接通过矿山覆盖层发送信号。另一端（地下或地表）的接收器检测合成电流并将其作为电压接收。然后建立地面和地下之间的无线通信链路。对于基于电极的 TTE 通信，信号通过建立的电场传输，并作为在接收器处检测到的电压被接收。为了设计和改进基于电极的 TTE 系统的性能，了解矿山覆盖层内的电场分布非常重要。在本文中，为基于电极的 TTE 通信开发了所有三个电场分量的完整显式解决方案。使用由美国国家职业安全与健康研究所开发的基于电极的原型 TTE 系统进行了一项实验。然后将数学模型与测试数据进行比较和验证。他们之间找到了合理的协议。使用由美国国家职业安全与健康研究所开发的基于电极的原型 TTE 系统进行了一项实验。然后将数学模型与测试数据进行比较和验证。他们之间找到了合理的协议。使用由美国国家职业安全与健康研究所开发的基于电极的原型 TTE 系统进行了一项实验。然后将数学模型与测试数据进行比较和验证。他们之间达成了合理的协议。