Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) belongs to the growing spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases and primarily affects the skeletal system. Peak onset ranges between 7 and 12 years of age. The clinical spectrum of CNO covers sometimes asymptomatic inflammation of single bones at the one end and chronically active or recurrent multifocal osteitis at the other.Despite the intense scientific efforts, the exact molecular mechanisms of CNO remain unknown. Recent data suggest CNO as a genetically complex disorder with dysregulated TLR4/MAPK/inflammasome signaling cascades resulting in an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, leading to osteoclast activation and osteolytic lesions.In this manuscript, the current understanding of molecular patho-mechanisms in CNO will be discussed.

中文翻译：

---

慢性非细菌性骨髓炎（CNO）的分子病理生理学——系统评价

慢性非细菌性骨髓炎 (CNO) 属于不断增长的自身炎症性疾病，主要影响骨骼系统。发病高峰年龄为 7 至 12 岁。CNO 的临床谱有时一方面是单骨的无症状炎症，另一方面是慢性活动性或复发性多灶性骨炎。尽管进行了大量的科学努力，但 CNO 的确切分子机制仍然未知。最近的数据表明，CNO 是一种遗传复杂的疾病，其 TLR4/MAPK/炎性体信号级联失调，导致促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子表达之间不平衡，从而导致破骨细胞激活和溶骨性病变。在本手稿中，目前对分子病理的理解-将讨论 CNO 中的机制。