Recent advances in nanoscale science and technology have generated nanomaterials with unique optical properties. Over the past decade, numerous fluorescent nanoprobes have been developed for highly sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of metal ions, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent development of the design and optical properties of the different classes of fluorescent nanoprobes based on noble metal nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, and carbon-based nanomaterials. We further detail their application in the detection and quantification of metal ions for environmental monitoring, food safety, medical diagnostics, as well as their use in biomedical imaging in living cells and animals.

中文翻译：

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用于金属离子传感和成像的荧光纳米探针：最新进展和未来前景

纳米科学技术的最新进展已经产生了具有独特光学特性的纳米材料。在过去的十年中，已经开发了许多荧光纳米探针，用于体外和体内金属离子的高灵敏度和选择性传感和成像。在这篇综述中，我们概述了基于贵金属纳米材料、上转换纳米颗粒、半导体量子点和碳基纳米材料的不同类别荧光纳米探针的设计和光学特性的最新发展。我们进一步详细介绍了它们在环境监测、食品安全、医疗诊断等金属离子检测和定量中的应用，以及它们在活细胞和动物生物医学成像中的应用。