AIM Biodiversity losses under the species level may have been severely underestimated in future global climate change scenarios. Therefore, it is important to characterize the diversity units at this level, as well as to understand their ecological responses to climatic forcings. We have chosen an endemic rodent from a highly endangered ecogeographic area as a model to look for distributional responses below the species level: Phyllotis darwini. LOCATION The central Chile biodiversity hotspot: This area harbours a high number of endemic species, and it is known to have experienced vegetational displacements between two mountain systems during and after the Last Glacial Maximum. METHODS We have characterized cryptic lineages inside P. darwini in a classic phylogeographic approach; those intraspecific lineages were considered as relevant units to construct distribution models at Last Glacial Maximum and at present, as border climatic conditions. Differences in distribution between border conditions for each lineage were interpreted as distributional responses to post-glacial climate change. RESULTS The species is composed of two major phylogroups: one of them has a broad distribution mainly across the valley but also in mountain ranges, whereas the other displays a disjunct distribution across both mountain ranges and always above 1500 m. The lineage distribution model under LGM climatic conditions suggests that both lineages were co-distributed in the southern portion of P. darwini's current geographic range, mainly at the valley and at the coast. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Present distribution of lineages in P. darwini is the consequence of a cryptic distributional response to climate change after LGM: postglacial northward colonization, with strict altitudinal segregation of both phylogroups.

中文翻译：

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整合系统发育地理学和物种分布模型：智利中部热点地区的特有啮齿动物对过去气候变化的神秘分布响应


AIM 在未来全球气候变化情景中，物种层面的生物多样性损失可能被严重低估。因此，在这个层面上描述多样性单位的特征，以及了解它们对气候强迫的生态反应非常重要。我们选择了一种来自高度濒危生态地理区域的特有啮齿动物作为模型，以寻找物种水平以下的分布响应：Phyllotis darwini。位置 智利中部生物多样性热点地区：该地区拥有大量特有物种，已知在末次盛冰期期间和之后，两个山区系统之间经历了植被迁移。方法我们用经典的系统发育地理学方法描述了达尔文达尔文体内的神秘谱系。这些种内谱系被认为是构建末次盛冰期和目前边境气候条件分布模型的相关单位。每个谱系边界条件之间的分布差异被解释为对冰后气候变化的分布响应。结果该物种由两个主要系统群组成：其中一个主要分布在山谷中，但也分布在山脉中，而另一个则在两个山脉中表现出间断分布，且总是在海拔1500 m以上。 LGM气候条件下的谱系分布模型表明，这两个谱系共同分布在达尔文目前地理范围的南部，主要是在山谷和海岸。主要结论 P. 谱系的现状分布。 达尔文是末次盛冰期后对气候变化的神秘分布反应的结果：冰河期后向北殖民，两个系统群在海拔高度上隔离。