Immune responses combat various infectious agents by inducing inflammatory responses, antimicrobial pathways and adaptive immunity. The polygenic responses to these external stimuli are temporally and coordinately regulated. Specific lncRNAs are induced to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses which can function through various target interactions like RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, and RNA-protein interaction and hence affect the immunogenic regulation at various stages of gene expression. LncRNA are found to be present in various immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells and B cells. They have been shown to be involved in many biological processes, including the regulation of the expression of genes, the dosage compensation and genomics imprinting, but the knowledge how lncRNAs are regulated and how they alter cell differentiation/function is still obscure. Further dysregulation of lncRNA has been seen in many diseases, but as yet very less research has been carried out to understand the role of lncRNAs in regulation during host-pathogens interactions. In this review, we summarize the functional developments and mechanism of action of lncRNAs, in immunity and defense of host against pathogens.

中文翻译：

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LncRNA 和免疫：宿主病原体相互作用的看门狗。


免疫反应通过诱导炎症反应、抗菌途径和适应性免疫来对抗各种感染原。对这些外部刺激的多基因反应受到时间和协调的调节。特定的lncRNA被诱导调节先天性和适应性免疫反应，这些反应可以通过RNA-DNA、RNA-RNA和RNA-蛋白质相互作用等各种靶相互作用发挥作用，从而影响基因表达各个阶段的免疫原性调节。 LncRNA被发现存在于各种免疫细胞中，如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、中性粒细胞、T细胞和B细胞。它们已被证明参与许多生物过程，包括基因表达的调节、剂量补偿和基因组印记，但 lncRNA 如何调节以及它们如何改变细胞分化/功能的知识仍然不清楚。在许多疾病中都发现了lncRNA的进一步失调，但迄今为止，很少有研究来了解lncRNA在宿主-病原体相互作用过程中的调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了lncRNA在宿主免疫和防御病原体方面的功能发展和作用机制。