BACKGROUND Vibrational senses are vital for plant-dwelling animals because vibrations transmitted through plants allow them to detect approaching predators or conspecifics. Little is known, however, about how coleopteran insects detect vibrations. RESULTS We investigated vibrational responses of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, and its putative sense organs. This beetle showed startle responses, stridulation, freezing, and walking in response to vibrations below 1 kHz, indicating that they are able to detect low-frequency vibrations. For the first time in a coleopteran species, we have identified the sense organ involved in the freezing behavior. The femoral chordotonal organ (FCO), located in the mid-femur, contained 60-70 sensory neurons and was distally attached to the proximal tibia via a cuticular apodeme. Beetles with operated FCOs did not freeze in response to low-frequency vibrations during walking, whereas intact beetles did. These results indicate that the FCO is responsible for detecting low-frequency vibrations and mediating the behavioral responses. We discuss the behavioral significance of vibrational responses and physiological functions of FCOs in M. alternatus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that substrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in M. alternatus.

中文翻译：

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底物的振动通过cerambycid甲虫中的股软骨索器官介导行为反应。

背景技术振动感对于居住于植物的动物至关重要，因为通过植物传播的振动使它们能够检测到接近的食肉动物或同种动物。然而，关于鞘翅目昆虫如何检测振动知之甚少。结果我们调查了日本松锯齿甲虫，松褐天牛及其假定的感觉器官的振动响应。该甲虫对低于1 kHz的振动表现出惊吓的反应，str纹，冻结和行走，表明它们能够检测到低频振动。在鞘翅目物种中，我们首次确定了涉及冰冻行为的感觉器官。位于股骨中段的股线软骨器官（FCO）包含60-70个感觉神经元，并通过角质表皮远端附着在胫骨近端。使用FCO的甲虫在行走过程中不会因低频振动而冻结，而完整的甲虫会冻结。这些结果表明FCO负责检测低频振动并介导行为响应。我们讨论了中华绒螯蟹的振动响应和FCO的生理功能的行为意义。结论我们的发现表明基质振动通过交配支原体中的股软骨索介导了行为反应。我们讨论了中华绒螯蟹的振动响应和FCO的生理功能的行为意义。结论我们的研究结果表明基质振动通过交配支原体中的股线软骨器官介导行为反应。我们讨论了中华绒螯蟹的振动响应和FCO的生理功能的行为意义。结论我们的研究结果表明基质振动通过交配支原体中的股线软骨器官介导行为反应。