Bacteria have a range of distinct immune strategies that provide protection against bacteriophage (phage) infections. While much has been learned about the mechanism of action of these defense strategies, it is less clear why such diversity in defense strategies has evolved. In this review, we discuss the short- and long-term costs and benefits of the different resistance strategies and, hence, the ecological conditions that are likely to favor the different strategies alone and in combination. Finally, we discuss some of the broader consequences, beyond resistance to phage and other genetic elements, resulting from the operation of different immune strategies.

中文翻译：

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原核免疫机制的进化生态学。


细菌具有一系列独特的免疫策略，可以提供针对噬菌体（噬菌体）感染的保护。虽然人们对这些防御策略的作用机制已经了解很多，但防御策略为何会出现这种多样性还不太清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同抗性策略的短期和长期成本和收益，以及可能有利于单独和组合不同策略的生态条件。最后，我们讨论了不同免疫策略的运作所产生的一些更广泛的后果，超出了对噬菌体和其他遗传元件的抵抗力。