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Neuropsychological assessments of cognitive aging in monolingual and bilingual older adults
Journal of Neurolinguistics ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.08.001
John A E Anderson 1 , Somayya Saleemi 1 , Ellen Bialystok 1
Affiliation  

Standardized neuropsychological tests are routinely used as diagnostic criteria in aging populations and are an important piece of evidence for the identification of clinical pathology and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Tests include such measures as the Mini Mental Status Exam, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and others. These tests cover a range of functions including working memory, verbal fluency, prospective memory, and task switching. Interpretation of test results is based on comparison of the participant's score to standard scores that have been normed on a population database. However, a growing body of research has shown that the skills underlying these tests may be significantly different in monolingual and bilingual older adults, especially for those experiencing cognitive impairment, yet the standardized test scores do not account for such differences. Therefore, results of neuropsychological tests may be different for bilingual populations than for monolinguals, and those differences may be misinterpreted. The issue is important because the consequences of these interpretative errors may be over- or under- diagnosis of cognitive impairment. The present study examined the neuropsychological test scores of monolingual and bilingual older adults who were experiencing healthy aging or cognitive impairment to establish patterns in these scores that can more accurately guide the interpretation for bilingual older adults by considering group differences in the underlying abilities.

中文翻译:

单语和双语老年人认知老化的神经心理学评估

标准化的神经心理学测试通常用作老龄化人群的诊断标准,并且是识别临床病理和神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)的重要证据。测试包括诸如迷你精神状态检查、Delis-Kaplan 执行功能系统、蒙特利尔认知评估等措施。这些测试涵盖了一系列功能,包括工作记忆、语言流畅性、前瞻记忆和任务转换。测试结果的解释基于参与者的分数与已在人口数据库中标准化的标准分数的比较。然而,越来越多的研究表明,这些测试所依据的技能在单语和双语老年人中可能存在显着差异,特别是对于那些经历认知障碍的人,但标准化考试成绩并没有考虑到这种差异。因此,双语人群的神经心理学测试结果可能与单语人群的不同,而这些差异可能会被误解。这个问题很重要,因为这些解释错误的后果可能是对认知障碍的过度诊断或诊断不足。本研究检查了正在经历健康老龄化或认知障碍的单语和双语老年人的神经心理学测试分数,以在这些分数中建立模式,通过考虑潜在能力的群体差异,可以更准确地指导双语老年人的解释。因此,双语人群的神经心理学测试结果可能与单语人群的不同,而这些差异可能会被误解。这个问题很重要,因为这些解释错误的后果可能是对认知障碍的过度诊断或诊断不足。本研究检查了正在经历健康老龄化或认知障碍的单语和双语老年人的神经心理学测试分数,以在这些分数中建立模式,通过考虑潜在能力的群体差异,可以更准确地指导双语老年人的解释。因此,双语人群的神经心理学测试结果可能与单语人群的不同,而这些差异可能会被误解。这个问题很重要,因为这些解释错误的后果可能是对认知障碍的过度诊断或诊断不足。本研究检查了正在经历健康老龄化或认知障碍的单语和双语老年人的神经心理学测试分数,以在这些分数中建立模式,通过考虑潜在能力的群体差异,可以更准确地指导双语老年人的解释。这个问题很重要,因为这些解释错误的后果可能是对认知障碍的过度诊断或诊断不足。本研究检查了正在经历健康老龄化或认知障碍的单语和双语老年人的神经心理学测试分数,以在这些分数中建立模式,通过考虑潜在能力的群体差异,可以更准确地指导双语老年人的解释。这个问题很重要,因为这些解释错误的后果可能是对认知障碍的过度诊断或诊断不足。本研究检查了正在经历健康老龄化或认知障碍的单语和双语老年人的神经心理学测试分数,以在这些分数中建立模式,通过考虑潜在能力的群体差异,可以更准确地指导双语老年人的解释。
更新日期:2017-08-01
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