BACKGROUND Large epidemiological studies have shown that diets high in fruits reduce the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the effects of black raspberries (BRBs) on gene expression during the development of preneoplastic esophagi in rats. METHODS Using a post-initiation protocol, F344 rats were injected with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) and then fed either a control diet or 5% BRBs. At weeks 9, 15, and 35, we euthanized subgroups of the rats and collected preneoplastic esophagi to isolate RNA samples for DNA microarray. RESULTS Along the development of NMBA-induced preneoplastic esophagi, NMBA injections led to differential expression of 1181 genes comparing to control rats, and dietary BRBs modulated 428 genes in esophagi from NMBA-treated rats. There are 137 common genes between 1181 and 428 gene sets, and BRBs significantly reversed the expression of 133 genes. These genes are associated with multiple gene oncology functions. BRBs induced an 8.8-fold gene enrichment on the pathway of inflammatory response and regulated 10 genes involved in this pathway. Among them, BRBs significantly reversed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL2, S100A8, and IL19. CONCLUSIONS BRBs exhibit strong anti-inflammatory effects against NMBA-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis.

中文翻译：

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研究黑树莓在大鼠肿瘤前食管发育过程中化学预防作用的营养遗传学方法

背景大型流行病学研究表明，富含水果的饮食可降低食管鳞状细胞癌 (ESCC) 的风险。目的目前的研究调查了黑树莓（BRBs）对大鼠肿瘤前食管发育过程中基因表达的影响。方法使用启动后方案，F344 大鼠注射 N-亚硝基甲基苄胺 (NMBA)，然后喂食对照饮食或 5% BRB。在第 9、15 和 35 周，我们对大鼠亚组实施安乐死并收集肿瘤前食管以分离 RNA 样本用于 DNA 微阵列。结果 随着 NMBA 诱导的肿瘤前食管的发展，与对照大鼠相比，NMBA 注射导致 1181 个基因的差异表达，饮食 BRB 调节了 NMBA 治疗大鼠食管中的 428 个基因。在 1181 和 428 个基因组之间共有 137 个共同基因，BRBs 显着逆转了 133 个基因的表达。这些基因与多种基因肿瘤学功能相关。BRBs 在炎症反应通路上诱导了 8.8 倍的基因富集，并调节了参与该通路的 10 个基因。其中，BRBs 显着逆转促炎细胞因子的表达，如 CCL2、S100A8 和 IL19。结论 BRBs 对 NMBA 诱导的大鼠食管肿瘤发生具有很强的抗炎作用。BRBs 显着逆转促炎细胞因子的表达，如 CCL2、S100A8 和 IL19。结论 BRBs 对 NMBA 诱导的大鼠食管肿瘤发生具有很强的抗炎作用。BRBs 显着逆转促炎细胞因子的表达，如 CCL2、S100A8 和 IL19。结论 BRBs 对 NMBA 诱导的大鼠食管肿瘤发生具有很强的抗炎作用。