BACKGROUND HLA genes are the most polymorphic of the human genome and have distinct allelic frequencies in populations of different geographical regions of the world, serving as genetic markers in ancestry studies. In addition, specific HLA alleles may be associated with various autoimmune and infectious diseases. The bone marrow donor registry in Brazil is the third largest in the world, and it counts with genetic typing of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1. Since 1991 Brazil has maintained the DATASUS database, a system fed with epidemiological and health data from compulsory registration throughout the country. METHODS In this work, we perform spatial analysis and georeferencing of HLA genetic data from more than 86,000 bone marrow donors from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and data of hospitalization for rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease in RS, comprising the period from 1995 to 2016 obtained through the DATASUS system. The allele frequencies were georeferenced using Empirical Bayesian Kriging; the diseases prevalence were georeferenced using Inverse Distance Weighted and cluster analysis for both allele and disease were performed using Getis-Ord Gi* method. Spearman's test was used to test the correlation between each allele and disease. RESULTS The results indicate a HLA genetic structure compatible with the history of RS colonization, where it is possible to observe differentiation between regions that underwent different colonization processes. Spatial analyzes of autoimmune disease hospitalization data were performed revealing clusters for different regions of the state for each disease analyzed. The correlation test between allelic frequency and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases indicated a significant correlation between the HLA-B*08 allele and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic mapping of populations and the spatial analyzes such as those performed in this work have great economic relevance and can be very useful in the formulation of public health campaigns and policies, contributing to the planning and adjustment of clinical actions, as well as informing and educating professionals and the population.

中文翻译：

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巴西南部南里奥格兰德州HLA数据的空间分析：遗传结构及其与自身免疫性疾病的可能关系。

背景技术HLA基因是人类基因组中最多态的，在世界不同地理区域的人群中具有独特的等位基因频率，在祖先研究中用作遗传标记。此外，特定的HLA等位基因可能与各种自身免疫和感染性疾病有关。巴西的骨髓捐献者登记册是世界第三大登记册，它的计数与HLA-A，-B和-DRB1的遗传类型有关。自1991年以来，巴西一直维护着DATASUS数据库，该数据库提供了来自全国各地强制性登记的流行病学和健康数据。方法在这项工作中，我们对来自南里奥格兰德州（RS）的86,000多名骨髓供体的HLA遗传数据进行了空间分析和地理参考，以及类风湿性关节炎，多发性硬化症和克罗恩病的住院治疗数据 RS的疾病，包括从DATASUS系统获得的1995年至2016年。使用经验贝叶斯克里金法对等位基因频率进行地理定位；使用逆距离加权对疾病患病率进行地理定位，并使用Getis-Ord Gi *方法对等位基因和疾病进行聚类分析。Spearman检验用于检验每个等位基因与疾病之间的相关性。结果结果表明，HLA的遗传结构与RS定殖的历史相吻合，可以观察到经历了不同定殖过程的区域之间的差异。进行了自身免疫性疾病住院数据的空间分析，揭示了所分析每种疾病的州不同区域的簇。等位基因频率与自身免疫性疾病发生之间的相关性测试表明，HLA-B * 08等位基因与类风湿关节炎之间存在显着相关性。结论人群的遗传作图和空间分析（如在这项工作中进行的分析）具有重大的经济意义，在制定公共卫生运动和政策，为规划和调整临床行动以及提供信息和提供信息方面可能非常有用。教育专业人员和人口。