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Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews ( IF 19.0 ) Pub Date : 2016-02-26 , DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00055-15
Tomasz Jagielski 1 , Alina Minias 2 , Jakko van Ingen 3 , Nalin Rastogi 4 , Anna Brzostek 2 , Anna Żaczek 5 , Jarosław Dziadek 2
Affiliation  

Molecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

中文翻译:

结核分枝杆菌和其他分枝杆菌分子流行病学的方法学和临床方面。

分子分型彻底改变了传染病的流行病学研究,包括分枝杆菌病因学。随着指纹技术的出现,关于分枝杆菌的传播,传染性或致病性的许多传统概念已被重新审视,并且其传统解释受到挑战。自1990年代中期以来,首次采用打字方法时,就提出了许多其他形式。所谓的分子流行病学已成为现代分枝杆菌学的重要子学科。它可作为了解结核病和其他分枝杆菌疾病流行病学关键问题的资源。这些问题包括披露感染源,量化近期传播,确定传播链接,从复发中识别再感染,跟踪特定菌株的地理分布和克隆扩增,并探索特定表型性状的潜在遗传机制,包括毒力,器官嗜性,可传播性或耐药性。由于基因分型继续揭露分枝杆菌的生物学特性,因此在对抗和预防由这些病原体引起的疾病方面提供了巨大的希望。在这篇综述中,总结了过去20年中详细阐述的结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的分子分型方法。讨论了这些方法与分枝杆菌疾病的流行病学调查,诊断,进化和控制的相关性。并探索特定表型特征的潜在遗传机制,包括毒力,器官嗜性,可传播性或耐药性。由于基因分型继续揭露分枝杆菌的生物学特性,因此在对抗和预防由这些病原体引起的疾病方面提供了巨大的希望。在这篇综述中,总结了过去20年中详细阐述的结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的分子分型方法。讨论了这些方法与分枝杆菌疾病的流行病学调查,诊断,进化和控制的相关性。并探索特定表型特征的潜在遗传机制,包括毒力,器官嗜性,可传播性或耐药性。由于基因分型继续揭露分枝杆菌的生物学特性,因此在对抗和预防由这些病原体引起的疾病方面提供了巨大的希望。在这篇综述中,总结了过去20年中详细阐述的结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的分子分型方法。讨论了这些方法与分枝杆菌疾病的流行病学调查,诊断,进化和控制的相关性。它为对抗和预防由这些病原体引起的疾病提供了巨大的希望。在这篇综述中,总结了过去20年中详细阐述的结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的分子分型方法。讨论了这些方法与分枝杆菌疾病的流行病学调查,诊断,进化和控制的相关性。它为对抗和预防由这些病原体引起的疾病提供了巨大的希望。在这篇综述中,总结了过去20年中详细阐述的结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的分子分型方法。讨论了这些方法与分枝杆菌疾病的流行病学调查,诊断,进化和控制的相关性。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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