Diet is a leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, but it remains difficult to measure accurately due to the error and bias inherent in self-reported methods of diet assessment. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective biomarkers of diet for use in health research. The stable isotope ratios of light elements are a promising set of candidate biomarkers because they vary naturally and reproducibly among foods, and those variations are captured in molecules and tissues with high fidelity. Recent studies have identified valid isotopic measures of short- and long-term sugar intake, meat intake, and fish intake in specific populations. These studies provide a strong foundation for validating stable isotopic biomarkers in the general US population. Approaches to improve specificity for specific foods are needed; for example, by modeling intake using multiple stable isotope ratios or by isolating and measuring specific molecules linked to foods of interest.

中文翻译：

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稳定同位素比作为健康研究饮食的生物标记。

饮食是慢性病的主要可调整风险因素，但由于自我报告的饮食评估方法固有的误差和偏见，它仍然难以准确测量。因此，迫切需要在健康研究中使用更客观的饮食生物标志物。轻元素的稳定同位素比率是一组有前途的候选生物标志物，因为它们在食物中自然且可再现地变化，并且这些变化以高保真度捕获在分子和组织中。最近的研究已经确定了特定人群中短期和长期糖摄入，肉摄入和鱼摄入的有效同位素测量方法。这些研究为验证美国普通人群中稳定的同位素生物标志物提供了坚实的基础。需要采取措施提高对特定食品的特异性；例如，