We propose that excessive fructose intake (>50 g/d) may be one of the underlying etiologies of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The primary sources of fructose are sugar (sucrose) and high fructose corn syrup. First, fructose intake correlates closely with the rate of diabetes worldwide. Second, unlike other sugars, the ingestion of excessive fructose induces features of metabolic syndrome in both laboratory animals and humans. Third, fructose appears to mediate the metabolic syndrome in part by raising uric acid, and there are now extensive experimental and clinical data supporting uric acid in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Fourth, environmental and genetic considerations provide a potential explanation of why certain groups might be more susceptible to developing diabetes. Finally, we discuss the counterarguments associated with the hypothesis and a potential explanation for these findings. If diabetes might result from excessive intake of fructose, then simple public health measures could have a major impact on improving the overall health of our populace.

中文翻译：

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假设：果糖摄入过多和尿酸过多会导致2型糖尿病吗？

我们认为，过量果糖摄入（>50 g/d）可能是代谢综合征和 2 型糖尿病的潜在病因之一。果糖的主要来源是糖（蔗糖）和高果糖玉米糖浆。首先，果糖摄入量与全球糖尿病发病率密切相关。其次，与其他糖不同，摄入过量果糖会导致实验动物和人类出现代谢综合征。第三，果糖似乎部分通过升高尿酸来介导代谢综合征，并且现在有大量的实验和临床数据支持尿酸在代谢综合征的发病机制中的作用。第四，环境和遗传因素可以解释为什么某些群体更容易患糖尿病。最后，我们讨论与该假设相关的反驳以及这些发现的潜在解释。如果糖尿病可能是由于过量摄入果糖引起的，那么简单的公共卫生措施可能会对改善我国民众的整体健康产生重大影响。