The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.

中文翻译：

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引力波探测器中的量子测量理论。

近年来，我们都亲眼目睹了引力波探测器灵敏度的快速提高，这推动科学界认识到像千米长干涉仪这样的巨大测量设备的量子行为开始变得重要。它们的灵敏度主要受到光量子噪声限制的时代即将到来，找到降低它的方法将成为必要。因此，我们在这篇综述中追求的主要目标是让广大读者熟悉量子测量理论在引力波探测领域的应用。我们重点研究量子噪声如何在引力波干涉仪中产生以及它对可实现的灵敏度施加了哪些限制。我们从非常基本的概念开始，逐步推进到一般线性量子测量理论及其在当代和计划中的第一代和第二代引力辐射干涉探测器中量子噪声计算的应用。特别关注标准量子极限的概念及其超越的方法。