Background Intestinal monocytes/macrophages sustain the intestinal immune homeostasis and might be an attractive therapeutic target for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation and promotes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, the full action mechanism of GM-CSF, and especially whether monocytes mediate its therapeutic effects in vivo, had not been previously elucidated. Conclusions This review article summarizes recent developments in the immunology of mucosal diseases and describes new aspects of the role of myeloid regulatory cells in IBD and the function of GM-CSF in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis in Crohn’s disease (CD). This review article highlights the exploration of stimulating in addition to suppressive therapies for patients with IBD and underpins that myeloid regulatory cells might become a promising novel cell-based therapeutic option.

中文翻译：

---

GM-CSF 和骨髓调节细胞在克罗恩病发病机制和治疗中的作用

背景肠道单核细胞/巨噬细胞维持肠道免疫稳态，可能是治疗炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 对肠道炎症发挥有益作用，并促进信号转导和转录激活因子 3 (STAT3) 介导的髓源性抑制细胞 (MDSC) 的扩增。然而，GM-CSF 的完整作用机制，尤其是单核细胞是否介导其在体内的治疗效果，以前尚未阐明。结论这篇综述文章总结了黏膜疾病免疫学的最新进展，并描述了骨髓调节细胞在 IBD 中的作用以及 GM-CSF 在维持克罗恩病 (CD) 肠道免疫稳态中的功能的新方面。这篇综述文章强调了对 IBD 患者的刺激和抑制疗法的探索，并支持骨髓调节细胞可能成为一种有前途的新型细胞治疗选择。