Limited efficacy of current first-line treatment for leukemia calls attention for further development of efficient strategies. Recently, much attention has been given to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems loaded with dual drugs to improve current disease therapies by overcoming toxicity. In the present study, we document to explore an approach to conjugate gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with protein toxin (NKCT1), a protein toxin from the Indian cobra (Naja kaouthia) venom, and to establish its antileukemic activity. GNP was prepared by NaBH4 reduction method. UV–vis spectroscopy of GNP showed the absorbance at 530 nm for plasma resonance. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) size of GNPs was 2–8 nm and the GNP-NKCT1 was 68–122 nm. CD spectra of GNP-NKCT1 showed change in percentage of β-turn as compared with NKCT1. GNP-NKCT1 significantly inhibited leukemic cell growth in dose- and time-dependent manner by two- to threefold more than NKCT1. For human leukemic lymphoma cell line and human myelogenous leukemic cell line, the IC50 dose was found to be 1.2 and 0.75 μg/ml, respectively, observed by trypan blue exclusion method and tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Flow cytometric analysis showed appreciable number of both cell lines in early and late apoptotic stages and arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase by GNP-NKCT1. Resilient power of leukemic cell line after wound healing and migration or invasive power of the cell line was significantly low in GNP-NKCT1-treated plate than the control plate. These analyses reveal that GNP-NKCT1 possesses significant and selective anticancer activity, likely by inducing programmed cell death through mitochondrial and/or lysosomal pathway.

中文翻译：

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从印度眼镜蛇（Naja kaouthia）毒液中分离出的与蛋白毒素（NKCT1）结合的PEG化金纳米颗粒的抗白血病潜力。

当前用于白血病的一线治疗的有限的功效引起了人们对进一步发展有效策略的关注。近来，已经对基于载有双重药物的基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统给予了很多关注，以通过克服毒性来改善当前的疾病疗法。在本研究中，我们记录了一种将金纳米颗粒（GNP）与蛋白质毒素（NKCT1）（一种来自印度眼镜蛇（Naja kaouthia）毒液的蛋白质毒素）结合的方法，并建立了其抗白血病的活性。用NaBH4还原法制备GNP。GNP的紫外可见光谱显示了在530 nm处的等离子体共振吸收。GNP的动态光散射（DLS）大小为2–8 nm，GNP-NKCT1为68–122 nm。与NKCT1相比，GNP-NKCT1的CD光谱显示β转角百分比变化。GNP-NKCT1以剂量和时间依赖性的方式显着抑制白血病细胞的生长，其抑制作用是NKCT1的2至3倍。对于人类白血病淋巴瘤细胞系和人类骨髓性白血病细胞系，通过台盼蓝排除法和溴化四氮唑还原法观察到的IC50剂量分别为1.2和0.75μg/ ml。流式细胞仪分析显示，在早期和晚期凋亡阶段，两种细胞系的数量都明显增加，而GNP-NKCT1在G1期则使细胞周期停滞。GNP-NKCT1处理的板在伤口愈合和迁移后的白血病细胞系的弹性力或细胞系的侵袭力显着低于对照板。这些分析表明，GNP-NKCT1具有明显的选择性抗癌活性，