The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers, endotoxin, and anti-HSP70 in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned for 12 weeks to one of the three arms: synbiotics [n = 23; 15 g of prebiotics, 5 g of probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus acidophilus T16, Bifidobacterium bifidum BIA-6, Bifidobacterium lactis BIA-6, and Bifidobacterium longum LAF-5 (2.7 × 10⁷ CFU/g each)], probiotics [n = 23; 5 g probiotics as in synbiotic group with 15 g of maltodextrin in the sachet as placebo], and placebo [n = 19; 20 g of maltodextrin in the sachet]. Blood and feces were collected at baseline and after intervention. Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, endotoxin, and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies (anti-HSP70) were measured. The number of fecal colonies was determined using the plate-counting method. The mean serum level of hs-CRP, anti-HSP70, and endotoxin decreased significantly between groups (p = 0.007, p = 0.037, and p = 0.036, respectively). For the synbiotic group, the mean changes in hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower than for the placebo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and probiotic group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively). Anti-HSP70 mean changes in the synbiotic and probiotic groups differed from the placebo group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013, respectively). Administration of synbiotics was more effective than probiotics for improvement of inflammatory markers, endotoxin and anti-HSP70 serum levels. Trial registration number: IRCT2017041233393N1

中文翻译：

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补充合生素和益生菌对血液透析患者血清内毒素，热休克蛋白70抗体和炎性标志物的影响：随机双盲对照试验。

这项研究的目的是调查益生菌和合生素补充对血液透析（HD）患者血清炎性标志物，内毒素和抗HSP70的影响。这项研究是一项随机，双盲，安慰剂对照试验。符合纳入和排除标准的75名血液透析患者被随机分配到以下三个部门之一进行为期12周的治疗：合生元[ n  = 23；15克益生元，5克益生菌粉，其中包含嗜酸乳杆菌T16，双歧双歧杆菌BIA-6，乳酸双歧杆菌BIA-6和长双歧杆菌LAF -5（ 每种2.7×10 ⁷ CFU / g）]，益生菌[ n = 23; 与合生元组一样，使用5 g益生菌，在小袋中使用15 g麦芽糊精作为安慰剂]，使用安慰剂[ n  = 19；装在小袋中的麦芽糊精20克]。在基线和干预后收集血液和粪便。测量了血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP），白介素6，内毒素和抗热休克蛋白70抗体（抗HSP70）。使用板计数法确定粪便菌落的数量。两组之间的hs-CRP，抗HSP70和内毒素的平均血清水平显着降低（分别为p  = 0.007，p  = 0.037和p  = 0.036）。对于合生素组，hs-CRP和IL-6的平均变化显着低于安慰剂组（p  <0.001和 分别为p <0.001和益生菌组（分别为p  = 0.011和p  = 0.008）。共生和益生菌组中抗HSP70的平均变化与安慰剂组不同（分别为p  = 0.002和p  = 0.013）。施用合生元比益生菌更有效地改善炎症指标，内毒素和抗HSP70血清水平。试用注册号：IRCT2017041233393N1