Objective: Family violence and peer deviance have been shown to be related to bullying perpetration. Although there are several cross-sectional investigations of these two factors in relation to bullying behavior, no known studies have examined their interactive associations. The current study examines the longitudinal associations of both factors on bullying perpetration using a multilevel approach. Method: Participants included 1,194 Grade 5, 6, and 7 students from four middle schools in a Midwest county. We examined the main and interactive relations between how individual reports of family violence and peer deviance fluctuated over time (i.e., within-person effects) and how average reported differences between individuals (i.e., between-person effects) were associated with levels of bullying perpetration. Results: Positive main effects were found for both family violence and peer deviance on levels of bullying perpetration. Within-person effects indicated that, on average, fluctuations from one’s “typical” levels in family violence and peer deviance were associated with contemporaneous increases in bullying perpetration. A statistically significant time-variant interaction revealed that within-person family violence significantly exacerbated the relationship between within-person peer deviance and bullying perpetration. Furthermore, a statistically significant cross-level interaction revealed that the association between within-person peer deviance and bullying perpetration was stronger for individuals with higher average levels of between-person family violence (+1 SD) compared with lower levels (−1 SD). Implications: These findings provide a more nuanced lens from which to view the co-occurring relations between family and peer ecologies. Prevention and intervention efforts should target peer relations to reduce the effect of family violence on bullying behavior.

中文翻译：

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检查中学生家庭暴力和同龄人之间在欺凌行为上的同伴偏差和同伴偏差。

目的：家庭暴力和同伴偏差已被证明与欺凌行为有关。尽管针对欺凌行为对这两个因素进行了多次横断面调查，但尚无已知研究检查它们的互动关系。当前的研究使用多层次方法研究了这两个因素在欺凌行为上的纵向关联。方法：参与者包括来自中西部县四所中学的1,194年级5、6和7名学生。我们研究了家庭暴力和同伴偏差的个人报告如何随时间波动（即人内影响）与个人之间的平均报告差异（即人际影响）与欺凌行为水平之间的主要和互动关系。 。结果：发现家庭暴力和同伴偏差对欺凌行为的积极影响。个人内影响表明，平均而言，家庭暴力和同伴偏差的“典型”水平波动与欺凌行为的同期增加有关。具有统计学意义的时变交互作用表明，人际内部家庭暴力显着加剧了人际内部同伴偏差和欺凌行为之间的关系。此外，具有统计学意义的跨层次互动显示，人际同伴偏差和欺凌行为之间的关联对于人际家庭暴力的平均水平较高（+1 SD）的人，与较低水平（-1 SD）相比，更强。含义：这些发现为观察家庭和同伴生态之间的共同关系提供了更为细致入微的视角。预防和干预措施应针对同伴关系，以减少家庭暴力对欺凌行为的影响。