Substance use is prevalent among adolescents in the U.S., especially males. Understanding the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between gender norms and substance use is necessary to tailor substance use prevention messages and efforts appropriately. This study investigates the relationship between adherence to gender-typical behavior (AGB) and substance use from adolescence into young adulthood. Participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health completed self-report measures on the frequency of binge drinking, cigarette smoking and marijuana use as well as various behaviors and emotional states that captured the latent construct of AGB. Sex-stratified logistic regression models revealed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between AGB and high frequency substance use. For example, an adolescent male who is more gender-adherent, compared to less adherent males, has 75% higher odds of high frequency binge drinking in adolescence and 22% higher odds of high frequency binge drinking in young adulthood. Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression models also revealed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between AGB and patterns of use. For example, a more gender-adherent adolescent male, compared to one who is less adherent, is 256% more likely to use all three substances in adolescence and 66% more likely to use all three in young adulthood. Cross-sectional and longitudinal results for females indicate greater gender-adherence is associated with lower odds of high frequency substance use. These findings indicate adherence to gender norms may influence substance use behaviors across the developmental trajectory, and inform strategies for prevention efforts.

中文翻译：

---

从青春期到成年早期，坚持典型的性别行为和高频物质使用。


药物滥用在美国青少年中很普遍，尤其是男性。了解性别规范与物质使用之间的横向和纵向关联对于适当调整物质使用预防信息和努力是必要的。本研究调查了从青春期到成年早期遵守性别典型行为 (AGB) 与物质使用之间的关系。国家青少年至成人健康纵向研究的参与者完成了自我报告，测量了酗酒、吸烟和吸食大麻的频率，以及捕捉 AGB 潜在结构的各种行为和情绪状态。性别分层逻辑回归模型揭示了 AGB 与高频物质使用之间的横截面和纵向关系。例如，与性别依从性较低的男性相比，性别依从性更强的青春期男性在青春期频繁酗酒的几率要高出 75%，在成年早期频繁酗酒的几率要高出 22%。按性别分层的多项逻辑回归模型还揭示了 AGB 与使用模式之间的横截面和纵向关系。例如，与性别依从性较低的男性相比，性别依从性更强的青春期男性在青春期使用这三种物质的可能性高出 256%，在成年早期使用这三种物质的可能性高出 66%。女性的横截面和纵向结果表明，较高的性别依从性与较低的高频物质使用几率相关。这些发现表明，遵守性别规范可能会影响整个发展轨迹的药物使用行为，并为预防工作的策略提供信息。