As builders and major components of peatlands, Sphagnopsida (peat mosses) are very important organisms for ecosystems and world's climate. Nowadays many Sphagnum species as well as their habitats are largely protected, while their scientific and economic relevance remains considerable. Advanced methods of in vitro cultivation provide the potential to work in a sustainable way with peat mosses and address aspects of basic research as well as biotechnological and economical topics like biomonitoring or the production of renewable substrates for horticulture (Sphagnum farming). Here, we describe the establishment of axenic in vitro cultures of the five peat moss species Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. and Hook., Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., Sphagnum palustre L., Sphagnum rubellum Wils. and Sphagnum subnitens Russ. and Warnst. with specific focus on large-scale cultivation of S. palustre in bioreactors. Axenic, clonal cultures were established to produce high quantities of biomass under standardized laboratory conditions. For advanced production of S.palustre we tested different cultivation techniques, growth media and inocula, and analyzed the effects of tissue disruption. While cultivation on solid medium is suitable for long term storage, submerse cultivation in liquid medium yielded highest amounts of biomass. By addition of sucrose and ammonium nitrate we were able to increase the biomass by around 10- to 30-fold within 4 weeks. The morphology of in vitro-cultivated gametophores showed similar phenotypic characteristics compared to material from the field. Thus the tested culture techniques are suitable to produce S. palustre material for basic and applied research.

中文翻译：

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泥炭藓（Sphagnum L.）的体外克隆繁殖作为基础和应用研究的新型绿色资源。


作为泥炭地的建设者和主要组成部分，Sphagnopsida（泥炭藓）是对生态系统和世界气候非常重要的生物。如今，许多泥炭藓物种及其栖息地在很大程度上受到保护，而它们的科学和经济意义仍然很大。先进的体外培养方法提供了以可持续方式利用泥炭藓的潜力，并解决基础研究以及生物技术和经济主题的各个方面，例如生物监测或园艺可再生基质的生产（泥炭藓种植）。在这里，我们描述了五种泥炭藓物种 Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils 的无菌体外培养物的建立。和Hook.、Sphagnum magellanicum Brid.、Sphagnum palustre L.、Sphagnum rubellum Wils。和泥炭藓 Russ。和沃恩斯特。特别关注在生物反应器中大规模种植沼泽沼泽。建立无菌克隆培养物以在标准化实验室条件下产生大量生物量。为了实现 S.palustre 的先进生产，我们测试了不同的栽培技术、生长培养基和接种物，并分析了组织破坏的影响。虽然在固体培养基上培养适合长期储存，但在液体培养基中浸没培养产生最高量的生物量。通过添加蔗糖和硝酸铵，我们能够在 4 周内将生物量增加约 10 至 30 倍。与现场材料相比，体外培养的配子体的形态表现出相似的表型特征。因此，所测试的培养技术适合生产用于基础和应用研究的S. palustre材料。