Much of the literature on foraging behaviour in bees focuses on what they learn after they have had rewarded experience with flowers. This review focuses on how honeybees and bumblebees are drawn to candidate food sources in the first place: the foundation on which learning is built. Prior to rewarded foraging experience, flower-naïve bumblebees and honeybees rely heavily on visual cues to discover their first flower. This review lists methodological issues that surround the study of flower-naïve behaviour and describes technological advances. The role of distinct visual properties of flowers in attracting bees is considered: colour, floral size, patterning and social cues. The research reviewed is multi-disciplinary and takes the perspectives of both the bees and the plants they visit. Several avenues for future research are proposed.

中文翻译：

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到达起跑线：大黄蜂和蜜蜂如何通过视觉引导进行第一次花卉接触

许多关于蜜蜂觅食行为的文献都集中于它们在获得花朵奖励后所学到的东西。这篇综述首先关注蜜蜂和大黄蜂如何被候选食物来源吸引：学习的基础。在获得奖励的觅食体验之前，不懂花的大黄蜂和蜜蜂严重依赖视觉线索来发现它们的第一朵花。这篇综述列出了围绕花朵幼稚行为研究的方法论问题，并描述了技术进步。考虑了花朵独特的视觉特性在吸引蜜蜂方面的作用：颜色、花朵大小、图案和社交线索。所审查的研究是多学科的，并从蜜蜂和它们访问的植物的角度出发。提出了未来研究的几种途径。